Sterically hindered reagents for use in single component siloxane cure systems
A one-component or single component cure system for a polysiloxane product is provided. The cure system includes a siloxane reagent that has an unsaturated organic functional group for reacting with a crosslinking reagent. The cure system also has a crosslinking reagent that has a silicon hydride group for crosslinking with the unsaturated organic group of the siloxane reagent. Either the unsaturated functional group of the siloxane reagent, the silicon hydride group of the crosslinking reagent, or both are sterically hindered. The siloxane reagent and the sterically hindered silicon hydride crosslinking reagent are mixed together in the presence of a catalyst reagent to form the one-component cure system. Methods of making the polysiloxane product are also provided.
1. A single component addition curable polysiloxane system comprising:
(a) a siloxane reagent having at least one unsaturated organic functional group for a crosslinking reaction;
(b) a crosslinking reagent comprising a silicon hydride group for said crosslinking reaction, wherein said silicon hydride of said crosslinking reagent is sterically hindered, wherein said crosslinking reagent is represented by a nominal formula selected from the group consisting of:
wherein R 1 and R 2 each comprise a non-reactive alkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms and each respective R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 is each independently selected from the group consisting of: a non-reactive organic group and hydrogen; and
(c) a catalyst, wherein the single component addition curable polysiloxane system has flowability at ambient conditions prior to said crosslinking reaction.
2. The addition curable polysiloxane system according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and decyl.
3. The addition curable polysiloxane system according to claim 1 , wherein said catalyst comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of:
ruthenium (Rh), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), or mixtures thereof.
4. The addition curable polysiloxane system according to claim 1 , wherein said catalyst comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of: (PPh 3 ) 3 RhCl, [(C 2 H 4 ) 2 RhCl] 2 , (PPh 3 )PdCl 2 , Rh 2 (OAc) 4 , Ru 3 (CO) 12 , Co 2 (CO) 8 , and platinum carbonyl cyclovinylmethylsiloxane.
5. The addition curable polysiloxane system according to claim 1 , wherein said siloxane reagent comprises a copolymer of polyoctylmethyldimethyl-silicone.
6. The addition curable polysiloxane system according to claim 1 , wherein said siloxane reagent comprises a vinylmethylsiloxane-octylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, wherein said unsaturated hydrocarbon functional group of said vinylmethylsiloxane-octylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer comprises a vinyl group, said crosslinking reagent comprises said silicon hydride group having a formula of
wherein R 1, R 2, and R 3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of non-reactive organic groups and hydrogen, and said catalyst comprises platinum carbonyl cyclovinylmethylsiloxane.
7. The addition curable polysiloxane system according to claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of conductive particles.
8. The addition curable polysiloxane system according to claim 1 , wherein said unsaturated organic functional group of said siloxane reagent is sterically hindered.
9. A method of making a polysiloxane polymer by a single component addition cure, the method comprising:
a) admixing a siloxane reagent comprising a siloxane polymer having a functional group for crosslinking, a crosslinking reagent having a silicon hydride functional group for crosslinking that is sterically hindered, and a catalyst, into a single component mixture; and wherein, wherein said crosslinking reagent is represented by a nominal formula selected from the group consisting of:
—[H(R 1 R 2 )Si—O]—[(R 3 2 )Si—O]—
wherein R 1 and R 2 each comprise a non-reactive alkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms and each respective R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 is each independently selected from the group consisting of: a non-reactive organic group and hydrogen; and
b) conducting a crosslinking reaction between said siloxane reagent and said crosslinking reagent, wherein said sterically hindered functional group reduces a rate of said crosslinking reaction, as compared to a comparative crosslinking reaction rate of a comparative non-sterically hindered functional group of a siloxane reacted with a non-sterically hindered silicon hydride functional group, wherein said single component mixture has flowability at ambient conditions prior to said crosslinking reaction.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein said conducting step is completed at least about 24 hours after said ad mixing.
11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein said conducting step is completed at least about one week after said admixing.
12. The method according to claim 9 , wherein after said admixing, a processing step where said single component mixture undergoes at least one process selected from the group consisting of: shearing, mixing, applying, deforming, casting, laminating, extruding, pad printing, spraying and silk screening.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein said processing step comprises applying said single component mixture to a sensor probe in a chemiresistor sensor.
14. The method according to claim 9 , wherein said conducting step is initiated by increasing the temperature of said single component mixture.
15. The method according to claim 14 , wherein said temperature is increased to from about 30° C. to about 250° C.
16. A method of making a sensor film, the method comprising:
a) admixing a siloxane reagent having at least one unsaturated organic functional group for crosslinking, a crosslinking reagent comprising a silicon hydride functional group for crosslinking that is sterically hindered, a catalyst, and a plurality of conductive particles into a matrix mixture, wherein said matrix mixture has flowability after said admixing for at least about 24 hours;
(b) applying said matrix mixture on a sensor probe;
c) reacting said siloxane reagent with said crosslinking reagent in a crosslinking reaction, wherein said sterically hindered functional group on said crosslinking reagent reduces a rate of said crosslinking reaction in said matrix mixture, as compared to a reaction rate of a comparative non-sterically hindered functional group of a siloxane reacted with a non-sterically hindered silicon hydride functional group of a crosslinking reaction;
and
d) forming a polysiloxane matrix product.
17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein said silicon hydride of said crosslinking reagent is represented by a nominal formula selected from the group consisting of:
[H(R 1 R 2 )Si—O]—[(R 3 2 )Si—O]—,
wherein R 1 and R 2 each comprise a non-reactive organic group having 3 or more carbon atoms that are independently selected from the group consisting of: linear alkyls, branched alkyls, aryls, aromatics, and mixtures thereof; and where R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 is each independently selected from the group consisting of: a non-reactive organic group and hydrogen.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, and decyl.
19. The method according to claim 17 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, phenyl, alkylphenyl, cyclopentyl, and phenylpropyl.
20. The method according to claim 17 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: butylated aryloxypropyl, N-pyrrolidonepropyl, cyanopropyl, benzyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, and hydroxyalkyl.
21. A single component addition curable polysiloxane system comprising:
(a) a siloxane reagent having at least one unsaturated organic functional group for a crosslinking reaction;
(b) a crosslinking reagent comprising a sterically hindered silicon hydride group for said crosslinking reaction, wherein said sterically hindered silicon hydride group is a terminal group and is represented by the formula:
—[H(R 1 R 2 )Si—O]—[(R 3 2 )Si—O]—
wherein R 1 and R 2 each comprise a non-reactive organic group having 3 or more carbon atoms that are independently selected from the group consisting of: linear alkyls, branched alkyls, aryls, aromatics, and mixtures thereof; and wherein each respective R 3 is selected from the group consisting of: non-reactive organic groups and hydrogen; and
(d) a catalyst.
22. The addition curable polysiloxane system according to claim 21 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, phenyl, alkylphenyl, cyclopentyl, and phenylpropyl.
23. The addition curable polysiloxane system according to claim 21 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of: butylated aryloxypropyl, N-pyrrolidonepropyl, cyanopropyl, benzyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, and hydroxyalkyl.