Triblock copolymers with acidic groups
Triblock copolymers useful for forming ion conductive membranes are provided. The triblock copolymers are characterized by having either a hydrophobic-hydrophilic-hydrophobic or a hydrophilic-hydrophobic-hydrophilic polymer sequence that induces a microphase separated morphology. Variations in which the hydrophilic polymer sequence component includes either acid groups or salts of acid groups are also disclosed. Methods for forming an ion conductive membrane from the triblock copolymers are provided.
1. A triblock copolymer for use as a solid polymer electrolyte, the block copolymer comprising a polymer having formula (1):
A m -B n —C p (1)
wherein:
A is a first polymer segment that is repeated m times to form first polymer block A m that is either hydrophobic or hydrophilic;
B is a second polymer segment that is repeated n times to form second polymer block B n that is either hydrophobic or hydrophilic;
C is a third polymer segment that is repeated p times to form third polymer block C p that is either hydrophobic or hydrophilic,
m, n, and p are each independently an integer from 1 to 200;
with the proviso that when A is hydrophobic, B is hydrophilic and C is hydrophobic;
or when A is hydrophilic, B is hydrophobic and C is hydrophilic, wherein when A is hydrophilic, A comprises a first substituent for proton transfer, when B is hydrophilic, B includes a second substituent for proton transfer, and when C is hydrophilic, C includes a third substituent for proton transfer
and wherein when A m and C p are both hydrophilic, A and C are each independently described by formula (2) or when B n is hydrophilic, B is described by formula (2):
Y 1 is —O—, —S—, —CO—, —SO 2 —, —C(CH 3 ) 2 —, or —C(CF 3 ) 2 —, —PO(T 1 )-, —C(CH 3 )(T 1 )-, —PO(R 4 )—, diphenyl methylene, diphenyl silicon, fluorenyl, an alkylene, a bond directly to the next aromatic ring, or
R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are each independently H, C 1-10 alkyl, C 6-18 aryl, C 6-18 aralkyl, —SO 3 H, —SO 3 − M + , —COOH, —COO − M + , —PO 3 H 2 , —PO 3 H − M + , —PO 3 2− M 2 + , or —PO 3 2− M 2+ ;
M is a metal, ammonium or alkylammonium;
R 4 is H, C 1-10 alkyl, C 6-18 aryl, or C 6-18 aralkyl;
T 1 is given by H or formula (3):
Y 2 is —O—, —S—, —CO—, —SO 2 —, —C(CH 3 ) 2 —, or —C(CF 3 ) 2 —, —PO(R 4 )—, diphenyl methylene, diphenyl silicon, fluorenyl, an alkylene, or a bond directly to the next aromatic ring;
R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 are each independently H, C 1-10 alkyl, C 6-18 aryl, C 6-18 aralkyl, SO 3 H, —SO 3 − M + , —COOH, —COO − M + , —PO 3 H 2 , —PO 3 H − M + , —PO 3 2− M 2 + , and —PO 3 2− M 2+ ;
R 4 is H, C 1-10 alkyl, C 6-18 aryl, or C 6-18 aralkyl;
M is a metal, ammonium, or alkylammonium; and
j is an integer from 1 to 30,
with the proviso that when j>1, the Y 2 between sequential aromatic rings are the same or different and the R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 on sequential aromatic rings are the same or different;
wherein at least one of R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , and R 13 is —SO 3 H, —SO 3 − M + , —COOH, —COO − M + , —PO 3 H 2 , —PO 3 H 2 M + , —PO 3 2− M 2 + , or —PO 3 2− M 2+ ;
and wherein when A m and C p are both hydrophobic, A and C are each independently described by formula (4) or when B n is hydrophobic, B is described by formula (4):
wherein:
Y 3 is —O—, —S—, —CO—, —SO 2 —, —C(CH 3 ) 2 —, or —C(CF 3 ) 2 —, —PO(T 1 )-, —C(CH 3 )(T 1 )-, —PO(R 4 )—, diphenyl methylene, diphenyl silicon, fluorenyl, an alkylene, a bond directly to the next aromatic ring, or
R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , and R 17 are each independently H, C 1-18 alkyl, C 6-18 aryl, or C 6-18 aralkyl;
k is an integer from 1 to 30;
with the proviso that when k>1, the Y 3 between sequential aromatic rings are the same or different and the R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , and R 17 on sequential aromatic rings are the same or different; and
i is an integer from 1 to 6;
with the proviso that when i>1, the Y 1 between sequential aromatic rings are the same or different; the T 1 on sequential aromatic rings are the same or different and the R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 on sequential aromatic rings are the same or different; wherein for at least one aromatic ring in formula (2), either T 1 is not H or one of R 1 , R 2 , or R 3 is —SO 3 H, —SO 3 − M + , —COOH, —COO − M + , PO 3 H 2 , —PO 3 H − M + , —PO 3 2− M 2 + , or —PO 3 2− M 2+ , wherein formula (2) includes a Y 1 selected from the group consisting of —PO(T 1 )-, and —C(CH 3 )(T 1 )- with T 1 given by formula (3).
2. The block copolymer of claim 1 wherein the first, second, and third substituents for proton transfer each independently include when present an acidic substituent or salt thereof.
3. The block copolymer of claim 1 wherein the first, second, and third substituents for proton transfer each independently include when present a component selected from the group consisting of —SO 3 H, —SO 3 − M + , —COOH, —COO − M + , —PO 3 H 2 , —PO 3 H − M + , —PO 3 2− M 2 + , —PO 3 2− M 2+ and combinations thereof, wherein M is an alkali or alkaline-earth metal, ammonium, or alkylammonium.
4. The block copolymer of claim 3 wherein the block copolymer has a microphase separated morphology.
5. The block copolymer of claim 4 wherein the micro-phase separated morphology comprise spheres, cylinders, lamellae, ordered bi-continuous double diamond structures, disordered bicontinuous morphologies, and combinations thereof.
6. The block copolymer of claim 1 wherein the first block has a molecular weight from about 5×10 2 to about 5×10 5 (g/mol), the second polymer block has a molecular weight from about 5×10 2 to about 5×10 5 (g/mol), and the third polymer block has a molecular weight from about 5×10 2 to about 5×10 5 (g/mol).
7. The block copolymer of claim 1 wherein when A m and C p are both hydrophilic, A and C are each independently selected from the group consisting of polymer segments described by formula (5) and formulae (7) through (12), and salts thereof; or when B n is hydrophilic, B is selected from the group consisting of polymer segments described by formulae (5) through (16), and salts thereof:
8. The block co-polymer of claim 1 wherein when A m and C p are each hydrophobic, A and C are each independently selected from the group consisting of polymer segments described by formulae (17) through (20) or when B n is hydrophobic, B is selected from the group consisting of polymer segments described by formulae (17) through (20):
9. The block copolymer of claim 1 wherein when A m C p are both hydrophilic, A and C are each independently selected from the group consisting of polymer segments described by formulae (5) or (6) and salts thereof; or when B n is hydrophilic, B is selected from the group consisting of polymer segments described by formulae (5) and salts thereof:
10. The block copolymer of claim 1 wherein when A m C p are both hydrophilic, A and C are each independently selected from the group consisting of polymer segments described by formulae (10) through (15), and salts thereof; or when B n is hydrophilic, B is selected from the group consisting of polymer segments described by formulae (10) through (12), and salts thereof:
11. A block copolymer having formula (1):
A m B n C p 1 (1)
wherein:
A is a first polymer segment that is repeated m times to form first polymer block A m that is either hydrophobic or hydrophilic;
B is a second polymer segment that is repeated n times to form second polymer block B n that is either hydrophobic or hydrophilic;
C is a third polymer segment that repeated p times to form third polymer block C p that is either hydrophobic or hydrophilic,
m, n, and p are each independently an integer from 1 to 200;
with the proviso that when A is hydrophobic, B is hydrophilic and C is hydrophobic;
or when A is hydrophilic, B is hydrophobic and C is hydrophilic, wherein when A is hydrophilic, A comprises a first substituent for proton transfer, when B is hydrophilic, B includes a second substituent for proton transfer, and when C is hydrophilic, C includes a third substituent for proton transfer;
and wherein when A m and C p are both hydrophilic, A and C are each independently described by formula (21) and B is a hydrophobic polymer segment; or when B n is hydrophilic, B is described by formula (21) and A and C are each independently hydrophobic polymer segments:
m, n, and p are each independently an integer from 1 to 200;
R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 28 , R 29 , R 30 , R 31 , R 32 , R 33 , and R 34 are each independently H, —SO 3 H, —SO 3 − M + , —COOH, —COO − M + , —PO 3 H 2 , —PO 3 H − M + , —PO 3 2− M 2 + , or —PO 3 2− M 2+ ; and
M is a metal, ammonium, or alkylammonium.
12. The block copolymer of claim 11 wherein when A m and C p are both hydrophobic, A and C are each independently described by formula (4) or when B n is hydrophobic, B is described by formula (4):
Y 3 is —O—, —S—, —CO—, —SO 2 —, —C(CH 3 ) 2 —, or —C(CF 3 ) 2 —, —PO(T 1 )-, —C(CH 3 )(T 1 )-, —PO(R 4 )—, diphenyl methylene, diphenyl silicon, fluorenyl, an alkylene, a bond directly to the next aromatic ring, or
T 1 is H or a moiety having at least one substituent for proton transfer;
R 4 is H, C 1-10 alkyl, C 6-18 aryl, or C 6-18 aralkyl;
R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , and R 17 are each independently H, C 1-18 alkyl, C 6-18 aryl, or C 6-18 aralkyl; and
k is an integer from about 1 to about 30;
with the proviso that when k>1, the Y 3 between sequential aromatic rings are the same or different and the R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , and R 17 on sequential aromatic rings are the same or different.