Non-specific binding resistant protein arrays and methods for making the same
Arrays of protein-capture agents useful for the simultaneous detection of a plurality of proteins which are the expression products, or fragments thereof, of a cell or population of cells in an organism are provided. A variety of antibody arrays, in particular, are described. Methods of both making and using the arrays of protein-capture agents are also disclosed. The invention arrays are particularly useful for various proteomics applications including assessing patterns of protein expression and modification in cells.
1. A molecular array for characterizing molecular interaction events, comprising:
(a) a substrate; and
(b) at least one discrete molecular deposition domain on said substrate wherein the spatial address of the domain is less than one micron squared in area and each domain includes a biomolecule deposited on the substrate at a pre-selected location.
2. The molecular array of claim 1 wherein the at least one molecular deposition domain is a spot.
3. The molecular array of claim 1 wherein the at least one molecular deposition domain is an irregular shape.
4. The molecular array of claim 1 wherein the at least one molecular deposition domain is a regular shape.
5. The molecular array of claim 1 wherein the at least one deposition domain is deposited at a known location.
6. The molecular array of claim 1 wherein the molecular deposition domains are affixed to the surface in a high density format.
7. The molecular array of claim 1 wherein the substrate is modified by one or more of the group consisting of gold, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and polymers.
8. The molecular array of claim 1 wherein the substrate is chosen from the group consisting of hydrophobic materials and hydrophilic materials.
9. The molecular array of claim 1 wherein the biomolecule is a protein.
10. The molecular array of claim 1 wherein the biomolecule is an antibody.
11. The molecular array of claim 1 wherein the biomolecule is a nucleic acid.
12. The molecular array of claim 1 wherein the biomolecule is a DNA molecule.
13. The molecular array of claim 1 wherein the biomolecule is an RNA molecule.
14. A molecular array for characterizing molecular interaction events, comprising:
(a) a substrate; and
(b) at least one discrete molecular deposition domain on said substrate wherein the spatial address of the domain is less than one micron squared in area and each domain includes a silane deposited on the substrate at a pre-selected location.
15. An array for the identification of a target material comprising:
a substrate including a substantially flat surface; and
an at least one discrete deposition domain deposited on said surface, said deposition domain being smaller than one micron squared in total area and deposited at a pre-selected location on the surface, the deposition domain including a long chain biomolecular deposition material having the capacity to bind the target material.
16. The array of claim 15 wherein the deposition material is a protein.
17. The array of claim 15 wherein the deposition material is an antibody.
18. The array of claim 15 wherein the deposition material is a nucleic acid.
19. The array of claim 15 wherein the deposition material is a DNA molecule.
20. The array of claim 15 wherein the surface is chosen from one or more of the group consisting of a hydrophobic surface and a hydrophilic surface.
21. The array of claim 15 wherein the substantially flat surface further comprise a sputter deposited layer of gold thereon, the deposition domain deposited on the gold.
22. An array of deposition domains for the detection of one or more pre-determined target materials comprising:
a solid glass substrate including a substantially flat surface; and
an at least one discrete domain deposited on the surface of the substrate, each domain being deposited at a known location and being smaller than one micron squared in area, each domain further including at least one type of molecule with a binding affinity for one or more of the target materials, at least two domains containing different biologically or chemically based molecules.
23. The array of claim 22 wherein the molecule is chosen from one or more of the group consisting of a protein, antibody, nucleic acid, and DNA.
24. The array of claim 22 wherein the surface is modified.
25. A molecular array for characterizing molecular interaction events, comprising:
(a) a substrate; and
(b) at least one molecular deposition domain on said substrate wherein the spatial address of the domain is less than one micron squared in area, each domain includes a biologically or chemically based molecule directly deposited on the substrate at a pre-selected location, at least two domains containing different biologically or chemically based molecules.
26. The array of claim 25 wherein the substrate is chosen from one or more of the group consisting of mica, glass, silicon, and quartz.
27. An array, comprising:
(a) a substrate; and
(b) at least one patch immobilized on the substrate at a pre-selected location, the at least one patch having an area of about 1 micron squared.