Electronic package formed using low-temperature active solder including indium, bismuth, and/or cadmium
An active solder alloy, an electronic device package including the active solder alloy bonding an electronic device to a substrate, and a method of forming high-strength joints by soldering using the solder alloy. The alloy contains up to about 10% by weight of an element or a mixture of elements selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, or tantalum; between about 0.1 and 5% by weight of an element or a mixture of elements selected from the group of the lanthanides (rare earths); between about 0.01 and 1% by weight of gallium up to about 10% by weight of silver; up to about 2% by weight of magnesium; and a remainder consisting of tin, bismuth, indium, cadmium, or a mixture of two or more of these elements. The alloy enables low-temperature (less than about 180° C.) soldering within relatively narrow melting ranges (less than about 10° C.).
1. An active solder alloy consisting essentially of:
1% to about 10% by weight of an element or a mixture of elements selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, or tantalum;
between about 0.1 and 5% by weight of an element or a mixture of elements selected from the group of the lanthanides (rare earths);
between about 0.01 and 1% by weight of gallium;
between about 0.1 and 2% by weight of magnesium to enhance adhesion of the alloy to semiconductor device materials including silicon, gallium arsenide, and silicates; and
a remainder consisting of tin, silver, and, optionally, bismuth, indium or both bismuth and indium.
2. The solder alloy of claim 1 comprising about 2% by weight of an element or a mixture of elements selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, or tantalum.
3. The solder alloy of claim 1 comprising about 0.1% by weight of an element or a mixture of elements selected from the group of the lanthanides.
4. The solder alloy of claim 1 comprising about 0.1% by weight of gallium.
5. The solder alloy of claim 1 comprising about 2% by weight of silver.
6. The solder alloy of claim 1 comprising about 0.1% by weight of magnesium.
7. The solder alloy of claim 1 further comprising about 0.1% by weight of an element or a mixture of elements selected from the group of the lanthanides; about 0.1% by weight of gallium; and about 0.1% by weight of magnesium.
8. The solder alloy of claim 7 further comprising about 2% by weight of an element or a mixture of elements selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, or tantalum and about 2% by weight of silver.
9. The solder alloy of claim 1 wherein the remainder comprises up to about 10% by weight of bismuth, between about 40 and 70% by weight of indium, and a balance of tin and silver.
10. The solder alloy of claim 9 wherein the remainder comprises about 51% by weight of indium.