VOLTAGE SWITCHABLE DIELECTRIC MATERIAL HAVING CONDUCTIVE OR SEMI-CONDUCTIVE ORGANIC MATERIAL
One or more embodiments provide for a composition that includes (i) organic material that is conductive or semi-conductive, and (ii) conductor and/or semiconductor particles other than the organic material. The organic material and the conductor and/or semiconductor particles are combined to provide the composition with a characteristic of being (i) dielectric in absence of a voltage that exceeds a characteristic voltage level, and (ii) conductive with application of the voltage exceeding the characteristic voltage level.
1 . A composition comprising:
organic material that is conductive or semi-conductive, wherein said organic material is either solvent soluble or dispersed within the composition at nanoscale; and
conductor and/or semiconductor particles other than said organic material;
wherein said organic material and said conductor and/or semiconductor particles are combined to provide said composition with a characteristic of being (i) dielectric in absence of a voltage that exceeds a characteristic voltage level, and (ii) conductive with application of said voltage exceeding said characteristic voltage level.
2 . The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a binder, and wherein the organic material and the conductor and/or semiconductor particles are distributed in the binder.
3 . A composition comprising:
a binder;
organic material that is conductive or semi-conductive, wherein said organic material is either soluble in the binder or dispersed as nanoscale particles within the binder; and
conductor and/or semiconductor particles other than said organic material, said conductor and/or semiconductor particles being distributed in the binder;
wherein said organic material and said conductor and/or semiconductor particles are combined to provide said composition with a characteristic of being (i) dielectric in absence of a voltage that exceeds a characteristic voltage level, and (ii) conductive with application of said voltage exceeding said characteristic voltage level.
4 . The composition of claim 3 , wherein the conductive organic material and the conductor or semiconductor particles are substantially uniformly distributed in an overall thickness of the binder.
5 . The composition of claim 3 , wherein the organic material includes single and/or multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
6 . The composition of claim 3 , wherein the organic material includes C60 or C70 fullerenes.
7 . The composition of claim 3 , wherein the organic material includes a conductive or semi-conductive monomer, oligomer, or polymer.
8 . The composition of claim 3 , wherein the organic material includes electron donor and/or electron acceptor molecules or polymers.
9 . The composition of claim 3 , wherein the organic material includes a compound selected from a class of thiophenes, aniline, phenylenes, vinylenes, flourenes, naphthalene, pyrrolv, acetylene, carbazole, pyrrolidone, cyano materials, anthracene, pentacene, rubrene, or perylene.
10 . The composition of claim 3 , wherein the organic material includes a compound selected from Poly( 3 , 4 ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate), (8-hydroxyquinolinolato) aluminum (III), N,N′-Bis(3-methylphenyl-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine [TPD], N,N′-Di-[(naphthalenyl)-N,N′diphenyl]-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine [NPD].
11 . The composition of claim 3 , wherein said organic material includes a pure carbon compound corresponding to one of carbon graphite, carbon fiber, or a diamond powder.
12 . The composition of claim 3 , wherein the conductor and/or semiconductor particles includes a metal or a metal complex.
13 . The composition of claim 12 , wherein the metal complex is selected from a group consisting of oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides, metal borides, metal sulfides, or a combination thereof.
14 . The composition of claim 3 , wherein the conductor and/or semiconductor particles include a titanium compound.
15 . The composition of claim 14 , wherein the conductor and/or semiconductor particles include titanium dioxide.
16 . The composition of claim 14 , wherein the titanium compound includes titanium diboride or titanium nitride.
17 . The composition of claim 3 , further comprising inorganic semi-conductor particles distributed in the binder.
18 . The composition of claim 3 , wherein the inorganic semi-conductor particles include particles selected from a group consisting of silicon, silicon carbide, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, bismuth oxide, cerium oxide, iron oxide.
19 . The composition of claim 3 , where at least some of the conductor and/or semiconductor particles are surface bonded by said organic material.
20 . The composition of claim 19 , wherein said organic material that surface coats the conductor and/or semiconductor particles includes carbon nanotubes.
21 . The composition of claim 20 , wherein the conductor and/or semiconductor particles includes one of titanium dioxide, titanium nitride, titanium diboride.
22 . The composition of claim 19 , wherein said organic material that surface coats the conductor and/or semiconductor particles includes organic conductive particles that are grafted onto a surface of individual conductive particles in the binder.
23 . The composition of claim 3 , wherein the binder material is formed from a material selected from a group consisting of silicone polymers, epoxy, polyimide, polyethylene, phenolic resin, polypropylene, polyphenylene oxide, polysulphone, solgel mateterials, ceramers.
24 . The composition of claim 3 , wherein said organic material includes a chemical moiety that covalently bonds to the binder.
25 . A voltage switchable dielectric material having a quantity of carbon nanotubes distributed therein.
26 . The voltage switchable dielectric material of claim 25 , further comprising a binder, and wherein the quantity of carbon nanotubes is distributed as part of the binder.
27 . The voltage switchable dielectric material of claim 26 , further comprising titanium dioxide distributed in the binder.
28 . A composition comprising:
a binder that comprises at least a portion of a binder of the composition, the binder having a volume in the composition that is in a range of 20 to 80% of a composition volume;
conductor particles, having a volume of the composition in a range of 10% to 60% of the composition volume; and
organic material that is conductive or semiconductive and having a volume of the composition in a range of 0.01-40%;
wherein the binder, conductor particles, and organic material combine to provide the composition with a characteristic of being (i) dielectric in absence of a voltage that exceeds a characteristic voltage level, and (ii) conductive with application of the voltage exceeding the characteristic voltage level.
29 . The composition of claim 28 , wherein said organic material is a solvent soluble in the binder.
30 . The composition of claim 28 , wherein said organic material is distributed as nano-scaled particles in the binder.
31 . A method for creating voltage switchable dielectric material, the method comprising:
creating a mixture containing (i) a binder that is dielectric, (ii) metallic and/or inorganic conductor or semi-conductor particles, and (iii) conductive or semi-conductive organic material that is distributed in the mixture as either a solvent soluble or as nano-scaled particles, wherein creating the mixture includes using a quantity of each of the binder, the metallic and/or inorganic conductor or semi-conductor particles, and the organic material so that the mixture, when cured, is (i) dielectric in absence of a voltage that exceeds a characteristic voltage, and (ii) conductive in presence of the voltage that exceeds the characteristic voltage; and
curing the mixture.
32 . The method of claim 31 , further comprising applying the mixture to a target location on a device, and wherein curing the mixture includes curing the mixture at the target location.
33 . The method of claim 32 , creating a mixture includes creating the mixture using fullerenes as the organic material.
34 . The method of claim 31 , wherein the fullerenes are functionalized C60 or C70.
35 . The method of claim 31 , wherein the fullerenes are carbon nanotubes.
36 . The method of claim 31 , wherein the metallic and/or inorganic conductor or semi-conductor particles are selected from a group consisting of copper, aluminum, nickel, and steel, silicon, silicon carbide, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, bismuth oxide, cerium oxide, iron oxide.
37 . The method of claim 31 , wherein the metallic and/or inorganic conductor or semi-conductor particles includes a titanium compound.
38 . The method of claim 31 , wherein the metallic and/or inorganic conductor or semi-conductor particles includes a titanium dioxide.
39 . A voltage switchable dielectric material formed by:
creating a mixture comprising (i) a binder that is dielectric, (ii) metallic and/or inorganic conductor or semi-conductor particles, and (iii) conductive or semi-conductive organic material that is distributed as either a solvent soluble or as nano-scale particles in the mixture, wherein creating the mixture includes using a quantity of each of the binder, the metallic and/or inorganic conductor or semi-conductor particles, and the organic material so that the mixture, when cured, is (i) dielectric in absence of a voltage that exceeds a characteristic voltage, and (ii) conductive in presence of the voltage that exceeds the characteristic voltage; and
curing the mixture.