Tuning a second order intercept point of a mixer in a receiver
View Patent ↗An IP 2 tuning circuit ( 404, 1004, 1104 and 1404 ) for tuning the IP 2 of a mixer ( 414 and 415 ) to minimize second order intermodulation distortion (IMD 2 ) in a receiver ( 402, 1002, 1102 and 1402 ) of a transceiver ( 401, 1001, 1101 and 1401 ). An operating characteristic of the mixer related to IMD 2 is changeable by changing a value of a setting of the mixer. Two tones outside a bandpass of the receiver are injected into the mixer and a calibration tone within the bandpass is produced as a result of IMD 2 . Alternatively, a DSSS signal is injected into the mixer and the calibration tone is produced at a chip rate of the DSSS signal. The power of the calibration tone is measured at a plurality of values of the settings. Alternatively, a four-level PN DSSS signal of known content is injected into the mixer, and a two-level PN DSSS signal of known content produced therefrom is correlated with a two-level PN DSSS signal of known content produced by a squaring circuit ( 1468 ).
1. A circuit for tuning a second order intercept point (IP 2 ) of a mixer to minimize second order intermodulation distortion (IMD 2 ) in a receiver of a transceiver, comprising:
means for generating a normally-transmitted two-level PN DSSS signal;
means for producing a specially-generated four-level PN DSSS signal whose squared version thereof has a low correlation with the normally-transmitted two-level PN DSSS signal;
means for squaring the specially-generated four-level PN DSSS signal;
means for transmitting the specially-generated four-level PN DSSS signal;
means for attenuating the transmitted signal;
means for receiving the attenuated transmitted signal;
means for causing IMD 2 to occur as a result of receiving the received attenuated transmitted signal, thereby producing a two-level PN DSSS signal;
means for correlating codewords of the two-level PN DSSS signal produced by the IMD 2 with codewords of the squared version of the specially-generated four-level PN DSSS signal produced by the means for squaring;
means for changing an operating parameter of the mixer to change an IP 2 thereof;
means for determining composite power in chips of each correlated codeword at a plurality of operating parameters; and
means for determining the operating parameter of the mixer that produces a maximum composite power, thereby tuning the IP 2 of a mixer to cause minimal IMD 2 in the receiver.
2. The circuit of claim 1 , including means for performing a coarse DC offset correction after any change in the operating parameter of the mixer.
3. The circuit of claim 1 , including means for estimating timing of the two-level PN DSSS signal produced by the IMD 2 with the timing of the squared version of the specially-generated four-level PN DSSS signal produced by the means for squaring.
4. The circuit of claim 1 , including
means for summing the normally-transmitted two-level PN DSSS signal with the specially-generated four-level PN DSSS signal; and
means for transmitting the summed signal.
5. The circuit of claim 1 , in which the means for changing an operating parameter of the mixer occurs upon occurrence of at least one of: a change in temperature of the receiver by more than a predetermined amount, a reduction in sensitivity of the receiver more than a predetermined amount, and an increase in a bit error rate of the receiver more than a predetermined amount.
6. The circuit of claim 1 , in which the means for changing an operating parameter of the mixer comprises converting the maximum composite power to an analog signal and using the analog signal to introduce a DC offset in the mixer.
7. In a transceiver including a duplexer, a receiver, and a transmitter that transmits a normally-transmitted DSSS signal, the transmitter and the receiver coupled to the duplexer, a method of tuning a second order intercept point (IP 2 ) of a mixer in the receiver, comprising:
generating, in the transmitter, a normally-transmitted DSSS signal that has a chip rate;
transmitting the normally-transmitted DSSS signal;
at the duplexer, leaking a signal transmitted by the transmitter into the receiver;
at the mixer, the leaked signal producing second-order intermodulation distortion (IMD 2 );
using the IMD 2 for tuning an IP 2 of the mixer;
generating, in the transmitter, a specially-generated DSSS signal in which the specially-generated DSSS signal is a four-level, pseudorandom noise (PN), DSSS signal that has another chip rate different from the chip rate of the normally-transmitted DSSS signal;
summing the normally-transmitted DSSS signal and the specially-generated, four-level, PN DSSS signal to form a summed signal; and
transmitting the summed signal.
8. The method of claim 7 , in which the tuning of the IP 2 occurs during receiver warm-up.
9. The method of claim 7 , in which the tuning of the IP 2 occurs during normal receive operation of the receiver.
10. The method of claim 7 , in which the tuning of the IP 2 occurs after a cold start of the receiver.