Square to pseudo-sinusoidal clock conversion circuit and method
View Patent ↗A square wave to pseudo-sinusoidal clock conversion circuit comprises first and second stages. The first stage includes a cross-coupled differential pairs input gain stage having positive and negative input sides. Responsive to a differential square wave clock input, the first stage provides a first pass balanced differential clock with pull-up and pull-down symmetry. The second stage comprises positive and negative output side push-pull with low pass filter circuits, wherein the positive and negative output side push-pull with low pass filter circuits are responsive to the first pass balanced differential clock from the first stage for producing an output pseudo-sinusoidal clock that comprises a nearly sinusoidal output with slew rate controlled and clock waveform pull-up and pull-down symmetry for each of a respective one of the positive and negative output sides.
1. A square wave to pseudo-sinusoidal clock conversion circuit comprising:
a first stage, wherein the first stage comprises a cross-coupled differential pair input gain stage and includes a positive input side and a negative input side, the first stage being configured to receive a differential square wave clock input that is a weak clock input across the positive input side and the negative input side, wherein responsive to the differential square wave clock input, the first stage is configured to provide a first pass attempt to create a balanced differential clock with pull-up and pull-down symmetry, the first stage being configured to saturate the weak clock input to a large swing, the first stage further comprising a first transistor of a first conductivity type configured on an output positive side of the first stage as an active load for the cross-coupled differential pair input gain stage, the first transistor of first conductivity type being controlled via a gate bias voltage for the active load which comes from a first diode-connected transistor having the first conductivity type doing current mirroring and acting as an active load for an outer differential pair of first and second transistors of a second conductivity type, the first transistor of the second conductivity type configured as a negative input side second conductivity type transistor of the outer differential pair of first and second transistors of second conductivity type, which is cross-coupled with an inner differential pair of third and fourth transistors of second conductivity type;
a second stage, wherein the second stage comprises a positive output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit and a negative output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit, wherein the positive and negative output side push-pull with low pass filter circuits are responsive to the first pass attempt balanced differential clock from the first stage for producing an output pseudo-sinusoidal clock that comprises a nearly sinusoidal output with slew rate and clock waveform pull-up and pull-down symmetry for each of a respective one of the positive and negative output sides;
a positive output side floating bias circuit, wherein the positive output side floating bias circuit is configured to provide a floating bias to the negative output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit of the second stage; and
a negative output side floating bias circuit, wherein the negative output side floating bias circuit is configured to provide a floating bias to the positive output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit of the second stage;
wherein the first and second stages together include resistors configured to provide for active inductive peaking to boost an amplification and buffering of the square wave to pseudo-sinusoidal clock conversion circuit for multi-GHz bandwidth performance.
2. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the first stage is further configured to perform input clock buffering and removal of high frequency glitches from the input clock.
3. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein each output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit of the second stage is configured to (i) provide a push-pull strongly balanced pull-up and pull-down symmetrical waveform, and (ii) attenuate the symmetrical waveform by a low pass filtering in a push-pull process of the push-pull with low pass filter circuit to produce the output pseudo-sinusoidal clock that comprises a nearly sinusoidal output with slew rate controlled and clock waveform pull-up and pull-down symmetry for each of a respective one of the positive and negative output sides.
4. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the differential pairs input gain stage further comprises:
first conductivity is a P conductivity and the second conductivity is an N conductivity.
5. The circuit of claim 4 , wherein the cross-coupled differential pair gain stage further comprises:
a first PMOS transistor configured as a second diode-connected transistor with a first resistor coupled in series with the second diode-connected transistor for active inductive peaking for narrow frequency range to boost an active load bias stage bandwidth, the second diode-connected transistor acting as an active load for the inner differential pair of third and fourth transistors of second conductivity type and as a current mirror for a second PMOS transistor, the third transistor of second conductivity type being configured as a negative input side NMOS transistor of the inner differential pair of third and fourth transistors of second conductivity type which is cross-coupled with the outer differential pair of first and second transistors of second conductivity type.
6. The circuit of claim 5 , wherein the cross-coupled differential pair input gain stage further comprises:
a second PMOS transistor configured on an output negative side of the first stage as an active load for the cross-coupled differential pair input gain stage, the second PMOS transistor being controlled via a gate bias voltage for the active load which comes from the second diode-connected transistor doing current mirroring and acting as an active load for the inner differential pair of the third and fourth transistors of second conductivity type, the fourth transistor of second conductivity type being configured as the positive input side transistor of the inner differential pair of third and fourth transistors of second conductivity type, which is cross-coupled with the outer differential pair of first and second transistors of second conductivity type.
7. The circuit of claim 6 , wherein the cross-coupled differential pair input gain stage further comprises:
a third PMOS transistor configured as the first diode-connected transistor of first conductivity type with a second resistor within the first diode-connected configuration for active inductive peaking for narrow frequency range to boost an active load bias stage bandwidth, the first diode-connected PMOS transistor acting as an active load for the outer differential pair of first and second NMOS transistors and as a current mirror for the first PMOS transistor, the second NMOS transistor being configured as a positive input side NMOS transistor of outer differential pair of first and second NMOS transistors, which is cross-coupled with inner differential pair of third and fourth NMOS transistors.
8. The circuit of claim 7 , wherein the cross-coupled differential pair input gain stage further comprises:
a fifth NMOS transistor configured as a first tail current branch (Branch 1) for the inner and outer differential pair of transistors respectively, of the input gain stage; and
a sixth NMOS transistor configured as a second tail current branch (Branch 2) for the inner and outer differential pair of transistors, respectively, of the input gain stage, wherein the fifth and sixth NMOS transistors are controlled via their respective bases being coupled to an external bias voltage (Vb) for NMOS tail currents of the input gain stage.
9. The circuit of claim 7 , wherein the positive output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit of the second stage comprises:
a third resistor coupled between a voltage supply (Vcc) and a capacitive load (Cload) configured to provide a current corresponding to a current push (Ipush); and
a fourth resistor is coupled between the capacitive load (Cload) and ground supply (Vss) configured to provide a current pull (Ipull), further forming a low pass filter of the positive output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit, the positive output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit further being configured to have a sum of pushing current and pulling current equal a constant value (Ipush+Ipull=Constant).
10. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the negative output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit of the second stage comprises:
a first resistor coupled between a voltage supply (Vcc) and a capacitive load (Cload) configured to provide a current corresponding to a current push (Ipush); and
a second resistor is coupled between a capacitive load (Cload) and ground supply (Vss) configured to provide a current pull (Ipull)), further forming a low pass filter of the positive output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit, the positive output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit further being configured to have a sum of pushing current and pulling current equal a constant value (Ipush+Ipull=Constant).
11. A square wave to pseudo-sinusoidal clock conversion circuit comprising:
a first stage, wherein the first stage comprises a cross-coupled differential pair input gain stage having a first transistor of first conductivity type configured on an output positive side of the first stage as an active load and being controlled via a gate bias voltage for the active load which comes from a diode-connected transistor of the first conductivity type doing current mirroring and acting as an active load for an outer differential pair of first and second transistors of a second conductivity type, the first transistor of second conductivity type being configured as a negative input side transistor of the outer differential pair of first and second transistors which is cross-coupled with an inner differential pair of third and fourth transistors, wherein the first stage includes a positive input side and a negative input side, the first stage being configured to receive a differential square wave clock input across the positive input side and the negative input side, wherein responsive to the differential square wave clock input, the first stage is configured to (i) saturate a weak differential square wave clock input to a large swing, (ii) perform input clock buffering and removal of high frequency glitches from the input clock, and (iii) provide a first pass attempt to create a balanced differential clock with pull-up and pull-down symmetry;
a second stage, wherein the second stage comprises a positive output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit and a negative output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit, wherein the positive and negative output side push-pull with low pass filter circuits are responsive to the first pass attempt balanced differential clock from the first stage for producing an output pseudo-sinusoidal clock that comprises a nearly sinusoidal output with slew rate and clock waveform pull-up and pull-down symmetry for each of a respective one of the positive and negative output sides, wherein each output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit of the second stage is configured to (i) provide a push-pull strongly balanced pull-up and pull-down symmetrical waveform, and (ii) attenuate the symmetrical waveform by a low pass filtering in a push-pull process of the push-pull with low pass filter circuit to produce the output pseudo-sinusoidal clock that comprises a nearly sinusoidal output with slew rate controlled and clock waveform pull-up and pull-down symmetry for each of a respective one of the positive and negative output sides, the first stage and second stage together including resistors configured to provide active inductive peaking to boost an amplification and buffering of the square wave to pseudo-sinusoidal clock conversion circuit for multi-GHz bandwidth performance;
a positive output side floating bias circuit for providing a floating bias to the negative output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit; and
a negative output side floating bias circuit for providing a floating bias to the positive output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit.
12. The circuit of claim 11
wherein the positive output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit of the second stage comprises a first resistor coupled between a voltage supply (Vcc) and a capacitive load (Cload) configured to provide a current corresponding to a current push (Ipush) and a second resistor coupled between the capacitive load (Cload) and ground supply (Vss) configured to provide a current pull (Ipull), further forming a low pass filter of the positive output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit, the positive output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit further being configured to have a sum of pushing current and pulling current equal to a constant value (Ipush+Ipull=Constant).
13. The circuit of claim 12 , wherein each of the positive and negative output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit of the second stage is configured to (i) provide a push-pull strongly balanced pull-up and pull-down symmetrical waveform, and (ii) attenuate the symmetrical waveform by a low pass filtering in a push-pull process of the push-pull with low pass filter circuit to produce the output pseudo-sinusoidal clock that comprises a nearly sinusoidal output with slew rate controlled and clock waveform pull-up and pull-down symmetry for each of a respective one of the positive and negative output sides.
14. A method of implementing square wave to pseudo-sinusoidal clock conversion comprising:
providing a first stage, wherein the first stage comprises a cross-coupled differential pairs input gain stage and includes a positive input side and a negative input side, the first stage being configured to receive a differential square wave clock input across the positive input side and the negative input side, wherein responsive to the differential square wave clock input, the first stage is configured to provide a first pass attempt to create a balanced differential clock with pull-up and pull-down symmetry, the first stage being configured to saturate the weak clock input to a large swing, the first stage further comprising a first transistor of a first conductivity type configured on an output positive side of the first stage as an active load for the cross-coupled differential pair input gain stage, the first transistor of first conductivity type being controlled via a gate bias voltage for the active load which comes from a first diode-connected transistor having the first conductivity type doing current mirroring and acting as an active load for an outer differential pair of first and second transistors of a second conductivity type, the first transistor of the second conductivity type configured as a negative input side second conductivity type transistor of the outer differential pair of first and second transistors of second conductivity type, which is cross-coupled with an inner differential pair of third and fourth transistors of second conductivity type;
providing a second stage, wherein the second stage comprises a positive output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit and a negative output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit, wherein the positive and negative output side push-pull with low pass filter circuits are responsive to the first pass attempt balanced differential clock from the first stage for producing an output pseudo-sinusoidal clock that comprises a nearly sinusoidal output with slew rate controlled and clock waveform pull-up and pull-down symmetry for each of a respective one of the positive and negative output sides;
providing a positive output side floating bias circuit, wherein the positive output side floating bias circuit is configured to provide a floating bias to the negative output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit of the second stage; and
providing a negative output side floating bias circuit, wherein the negative output side floating bias circuit is configured to provide a floating bias to the positive output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit of the second stage, wherein the first and second stages together include resistors configured to provide for active inductive peaking to boost an amplification and buffering of the square wave to pseudo-sinusoidal clock conversion circuit for multi-GHz bandwidth performance.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
implementing the positive output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit of the second stage with a first resistor coupled between a voltage supply (Vcc) and a capacitive load (Cload) configured to provide a current corresponding to a current push (Ipush) and a second resistor coupled between the capacitive load (Cload) and a ground supply (Vss) configured to provide a current pull (Ipull), thereby forming a low pass filter of the positive output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit, the positive output side push-pull with low pass filter circuit further being configured to have a sum of pushing current and pulling current that is equal to a constant value (Ipush+Ipull=Constant).