Led driver with low harmonic distortion of input AC current and methods of controlling the same
View Patent ↗A power supply circuit for powering a load at constant current has a rectifier stage for receiving an AC voltage input and for producing a first substantially DC voltage. A first capacitor is attached to the load. A charge-pump is attached to an output of the rectifier stage and to the load for providing power factor correction and for converting the first substantially DC voltage to a second substantially DC voltage at the first capacitor. The charge pump is prevented from conducting energy back into the output of the rectifier stage. The charge pump delivers energy to a charge pump output, the energy being delivered directly instead of being stored. A converter stage is attached to the load and the first capacitor. The converter stage is used for converting voltages at the first capacitor and the charge pump to an output DC current. The converter stage has a switch for periodically connecting a first series-coupled circuit of the charge pump to the output of the rectifier stage.
1. A power supply circuit for powering a load at constant current comprising:
a rectifier stage for receiving an AC voltage input and for producing a first substantially DC voltage;
a first capacitor attached to the load;
a charge-pump attached to an output of the rectifier stage and to the load for providing power factor correction and for converting the first substantially DC voltage to a second substantially DC voltage at the first capacitor, the charge pump prevented from conducting energy back into the output of the rectifier stage, the charge pump delivering energy to a charge pump output, the energy being delivered directly instead of being stored; and
a converter stage attached to the load and the first capacitor for converting voltages at the first capacitor and the charge pump to an output DC current, and having a switch for periodically connecting a first series-coupled circuit of the charge pump to the output of the rectifier stage.
2. A power supply circuit in accordance with claim 1 further comprising a control circuit coupled to the switch for periodically connecting the first series-coupled circuit to the rectifier output.
3. A power supply circuit in accordance with claim 1 wherein the charge-pump comprises:
the first series-coupled circuit attached to the first capacitor comprising a first inductor coupled in series with a first diode and a second capacitor, the first series-coupled circuit connected to the output of the rectifier stage, whereby the first converter stage is prevented from conducting energy back into said rectifier output;
a second diode connected in series with the first inductor, the second diode delivering energy from the rectifier and the first inductor into the first capacitor, and the second capacitor delivering energy to the converter stage, the energy in the second capacitor being delivered to the converter stage directly instead of being stored in the first capacitor.
4. The power supply circuit of claim 1 , wherein the converter stage is of the buck type.
5. The power supply circuit of claim 3 , wherein the converter stage is of the buck type further comprising a second inductor in series with the load, the second inductor and the load receiving energy from the second capacitor when the switch is turned off.
6. The power supply circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first current sensor attached to the switch for detecting current in the switch;
a second current sensor attached to the second the charge pump;
wherein the control circuit regulates an output DC current as a function of a difference between an output of the first current sensor and an output of the second current sensor.
7. The power supply circuit of claim 6 , wherein the control circuit comprises:
a reference circuit; and
a subtraction circuit for subtracting the output of the second current sensor output from the output of the first current sensor output;
wherein the control circuit regulates the subtraction circuit at a reference level of the reference circuit.
8. The power supply circuit of claim 7 , wherein the switch is switched off when the subtraction circuit output exceeds the reference level.
9. The power supply of claim 6 , wherein the first current sensor comprises a current transformer.
10. The power supply of claim 6 , wherein the second current sensor includes a current transformer.
11. The power supply circuit of claim 7 , wherein the control circuit further comprises an oscillator circuit for switching on the switch at a variable frequency rate for shaping an input AC current of the rectifier stage substantially in proportion with the AC voltage.
12. The power supply circuit of claim 11 , wherein the oscillator circuit receives the output of the rectifier stage, and wherein the variable frequency is reduced with the output of the rectifier stage increasing.
13. The power supply circuit of claim 11 , wherein the control circuit further comprises a low pass filter for attenuating and shifting phase of the output of the rectifier stage and for reducing the variable frequency with the attenuated and phase-shifted voltage increasing.
14. The power supply circuit of claim 1 , comprising a plurality of converter stages for powering a plurality of corresponding loads.
15. A power supply circuit invention for powering a load at constant current comprising:
a rectifier stage for receiving an AC voltage input and for producing a first substantially DC voltage;
a first capacitor attached to the load;
a charge-pump attached to an output of the rectifier and to the load for converting the first substantially DC voltage to a second substantially DC voltage at the first capacitor;
a converter stage attached to the load and the first capacitor for converting voltages at the first capacitor and the charge pump to an output DC current and having a switch for periodically connecting the charge pump to the output of the rectifier stage;
a first current sensor attached to the switch for detecting current in the switch;
a second current sensor attached to the charge pump; and
a control circuit to regulate an output DC current as a function of a difference between an output of the first current sensor and an output of the second current sensor.
16. The power supply circuit of claim 15 , wherein the control circuit comprises:
a reference circuit; and
a subtraction circuit for subtracting the output of the second current sensor output from the output of the first current sensor output;
wherein the control circuit regulates the subtraction circuit at a reference level of the reference circuit.