Infection and treatment of neoplasms with vesicular stomatitis virus
The subject invention relates to viruses that are able to replicate and thereby kill neoplastic cells with a deficiency in the IFN-mediated antiviral response, and their use in treating neoplastic disease including cancer and large tumors. RNA and DNA viruses are useful in this regard. The invention also relates to methods for the selection, design, purification and use of such viruses for cancer therapy.
1. A method of infecting a tumor with a volume of ≧300 mm 3 in a mammal with a virus comprising systemically administering to said mammal an interferon-sensitive, replication-competent clonal vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) derived from a single infectious virus particle and for which eight individual molecular clones from the population of virions have an identical sequence over 300 contiguous nucleotides, wherein said virus is administered as a first dose and one or more subsequent doses, and wherein the first dose is a desensitizing dose, to thereby infect said tumor.
2. A method of treating a tumor with a volume of ≧300 mm 3 in a mammal comprising systemically administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of an interferon-sensitive, replication-competent clonal vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) derived from a single infectious virus particle and for which eight individual molecular clones from the population of virions have an identical sequence over 300 contiguous nucleotides, wherein said virus is administered as a first dose and one or more subsequent doses, and wherein the first dose is a desensitizing dose, to thereby treat said tumor.
3. A method as in claim 1 , wherein said VSV replicates at least 100-fold less in the presence of interferon compared to in the absence of interferon.
4. A method as in claim 1 , wherein said VSV replicates at least 1000-fold less in the presence of interferon compared to in the absence of interferon.
5. A method as in claim 1 , wherein said mammal is a human.
6. A method as in claim 1 , wherein said clonal virus is plaque purified.
7. A method as in claim 1 , wherein said clonal virus is of recombinant clonal origin.
8. A method as in claim 1 , wherein said VSV is purified to a level of at least 2×10 9 plaque-forming units (PFU) per mg of protein.
9. A method as in claim 1 , wherein said VSV is purified to a level of at least 1×10 10 PFU per mg of protein.
10. A method as in claim 1 , wherein said VSV is purified to a level of at least 6×10 10 PFU per mg of protein.
11. A method as in claim 1 , wherein said VSV is purified to a level in which the particle per PFU ratio is no greater than 5.
12. A method as in claim 1 , wherein said VSV is purified to a level in which the particle per PFU ratio is no greater than 3.
13. A method as in claim 1 , wherein said VSV is purified to a level in which the particle per PFU ratio is no greater than 1.2.
14. A method as in claim 1 , wherein said tumor is selected from the group consisting of a lung tumor, a colon tumor, a prostate tumor, a breast tumor and a brain tumor.
15. A method as in claim 1 , wherein said tumor is a glioblastoma.
16. A method as in claim 1 , further comprising administering interferon (IFN), before, during or after administration of said virus.
17. A method as in claim 16 , wherein said IFN is selected from the group consisting of α-IFN, β-IFN, ω-IFN, γ-IFN, and synthetic consensus forms of IFN.
18. A method as in claim 1 , further comprising administering a compound selected from the group consisting of a purine nucleoside analog, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, a cimetidine, and a mitochondrial inhibitor.
19. A method as in claim 1 , further comprising administering a chemotherapeutic agent before, during or after administration of said virus.
20. A method as in claim 1 , further comprising administering a cytokine before, during or after administration of said virus.
21. A method as in claim 1 , further comprising administering an immunosuppressant before, during or after administration of said virus.
22. A method as in claim 1 , further comprising administering a viral replication controlling amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of IFN and ribavirin.
23. A method as in claim 1 , wherein said administering is intravenous.
24. A method as in claim 1 , wherein said first dose is administered intravenously and a subsequent dose administered intravenously.
25. A method as in claim 1 , wherein said one or more subsequent doses are higher than the first dose.
26. A method as in claim 2 , wherein said one or more subsequent doses are higher than the first dose.
27. A method as in claim 2 , further comprising administering a chemotherapeutic agent before, during or after administration of said virus.
28. A method as in claim 2 , wherein said administering is intravenous.
29. A method of infecting a neoplasm in a mammal with a virus comprising systemically administering an interferon-sensitive, replication-competent clonal vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) derived from a single infectious virus particle and for which eight individual molecular clones from the population of virions have an identical sequence over 300 contiguous nucleotides, wherein said virus is administered as a first dose and one or more subsequent doses, wherein the first dose is a desensitizing dose, and wherein said one or more subsequent doses are higher than the first dose.
30. A method of treating a tumor in a mammal comprising systemically administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of an interferon-sensitive, replication-competent clonal vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) derived from a single infectious virus particle and for which eight individual molecular clones from the population of virions have an identical sequence over 300 contiguous nucleotides, wherein said virus is administered as a first dose and one or more subsequent doses, wherein the first dose is a desensitizing dose and wherein said one or more subsequent doses are higher than the first dose, to thereby treat said tumor.
31. A method as in claim 29 , wherein said VSV replicates at least 100-fold less in the presence of interferon compared to in the absence of interferon.
32. A method as in claim 29 , wherein said VSV replicates at least 1000-fold less in the presence of interferon compared to in the absence of interferon.
33. A method as in claim 29 , wherein said neoplasm is a cancer.
34. A method as in claim 29 , wherein said mammal is a human.
35. A method as in claim 29 , wherein said clonal virus is plaque purified.
36. A method as in claim 29 , wherein said clonal virus is of recombinant clonal origin.
37. A method as in claim 29 , wherein said VSV is purified to a level of at least 2×10 9 plaque forming units (PFU) per mg of protein.
38. A method as in claim 29 , wherein said VSV is purified to a level of at least 1×10 10 PFU per mg of protein.
39. A method as in claim 29 wherein said VSV is purified to a level of at least 6×10 10 PFU per mg of protein.
40. A method as in claim 29 , wherein said VSV is purified to a level in which the particle per PFU ratio is no greater than 5.
41. A method as in claim 29 , wherein said VSV is purified to a level in which the particle per PFU ratio is no greater than 3.
42. A method as in claim 29 , wherein said VSV is purified to a level in which the particle per PFU ratio is no greater than 1.2.
43. A method as in claim 29 , wherein said neoplasm is a cancer selected from the group consisting of lung, colon, prostate, breast and brain cancer.
44. A method as in claim 29 , wherein said neoplasm is a solid tumor.
45. A method as in claim 29 wherein said neoplasm is a glioblastoma.
46. A method as in claim 29 , wherein said virus contains a gene encoding interferon to permit the viral expression of interferon.
47. A method as in claim 29 , wherein said virus contains a gene encoding a pro-drug activating enzyme.
48. A method as in claim 29 , further comprising administering interferon (IFN), before, during or after administration of said virus.
49. A method as in claim 48 , wherein said IFN is selected from the group consisting of α-IFN, β-IFN, ω-IFN, γ-IFN, and synthetic consensus forms of IFN.
50. A method as in claim 29 , further comprising administering a compound selected from the group consisting of a purine nucleoside analog, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, a cimetidine, and a mitochondrial inhibitor.
51. A method as in claim 29 , further comprising administering a chemotherapeutic agent before, during or after administration of said virus.
52. A method as in claim 29 , further comprising administering a cytokine before, during or after administration of said virus.
53. A method as in claim 29 , further comprising administering an immunosuppressant before, during or after administration of said virus.
54. A method as in claim 29 , further comprising administering a viral replication controlling amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of IFN and ribavirin.
55. A method as in claim 29 , wherein said administering is intravenous.
56. A method as in claim 29 , wherein said first dose is administered intravenously and a subsequent dose administered intravenously.
57. A method as in claim 30 , further comprising administering a chemotherapeutic agent before, during or after administration of said virus.
58. A method as in claim 30 , wherein said administering is intravenous.