Piezoelectric thin film element including upper and lower electrodes, and an actuator and a sensor fabricated by using the same

1. A piezoelectric thin film element, comprising:

a substrate;

a lower electrode;

a piezoelectric thin film; and

an upper electrode,

wherein the lower electrode, the piezoelectric thin film and the upper electrode are formed on the substrate, and

wherein the piezoelectric thin film comprises:

a polycrystal thin film including crystal grains;

an alkali niobium oxide based perovskite structure represented by a general formula: (K 1-x Na x )NbO 3, wherein 0.4<x<0.7;

a film thickness of not less than 1 μm and not more than 10 μm;

a columnar structure configured by the crystal grains, a majority of the crystal grains including a length in a cross-section direction thereof longer than in a plane direction of the substrate; and

an average crystal grain size of not less than 0.1 μm and not more than 1.0 μm in the plane direction of the substrate.

2. The piezoelectric thin film element according to claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric thin film comprises a pseudocubic or tetragonal polycrystal thin film and is dominantly oriented in a plane orientation (001).

3. The piezoelectric thin film element according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a silicon substrate, and the lower electrode comprises a platinum electrode.

4. An actuator produced by using the piezoelectric thin film element according to claim 1 .

5. A sensor produced by using the piezoelectric thin film element according to claim 1 .