Driving low voltage brushless direct current (BLDC) three phase motors from higher voltage sources
View Patent ↗A control method for a sensor-less, brushless, three-phase DC motor. The stator coil in the electromagnets inside the motor may be used as the inductive element through which a voltage regulator can regulate the current as a means of regulating the output voltage. The value of the control signal provided to the drivers controlling power to the coils may be calculated based on at least the rail voltage, as measured in real time. This allows for a wide variation of input voltages, while maintaining a relatively constant output power to the motor. In general, by taking into account the value of the rail voltage when determining the final value of the control signal that is applied to the stator coils, the maximum current through the stator coils may be scaled to the same magnitude current that would be expected to flow through the coils if the rail voltage were the rated (nominal) fan/motor voltage, even when the actual rail voltage is different, e.g. higher than the rated fan/motor voltage.
1. A method for controlling a rotating motor, wherein the motor comprises a plurality of electromagnets, wherein each electromagnet comprises a respective coil, the method comprising:
measuring the value of a supply voltage;
receiving an input command to adjust a speed of rotation of the rotating motor;
determining and scaling the value of a duty cycle of a pulse width modulated control signal based on the input command and on the measured value of the supply voltage; and
generating an output voltage adjusted to a motor rating in one or more of the coils using the control signal to obtain a desired value of the respective current,
wherein the control signal controls two switching transistors whose switching paths are coupled in series between the supply voltage and ground wherein a node between the switching paths is connected to a coil of the motor and wherein the switching transistor pair and the coil are operated as a buck voltage regulator.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said issuing an input command comprises:
generating one or more time values based on a representation of the angular velocity of the rotating motor; and
generating the input command based on the one or more time values.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the duty cycle is further scaled based on a motor rating.
4. A system comprising:
an electronic rotating motor, wherein the electronic rotating motor comprises a stator comprising a plurality of electromagnets, wherein each electromagnet comprises a respective coil;
a driver circuit powered by a supply voltage, and configured to provide an output voltage derived from the supply voltage to each of the plurality of electromagnets, to induce a respective current in the respective coil of one or more of the plurality of electromagnets to generate respective induced currents; and
a control block configured to adjust the value of each of the generated respective induced currents by pulse width modulation, wherein a duty cycle is adjusted based on an input command and the value of the supply voltage to adjust an angular velocity of the electronic rotating motor,
wherein the control block is further configured to obtain one or more time values based on a representation of the angular velocity of the electronic rotating motor determined by the induced respective currents, and generate the input command based on the one or more time values.
5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the control block is further configured to generate one or more control signals based on the input command and the value of the supply voltage, and adjust the value of each of the generated respective induced currents by controlling the one or more of the plurality of electromagnets with the one or more control signals.
6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the driver circuit comprises for each motor coil two switching transistors whose switching paths are coupled in series between the supply voltage and ground wherein a node between the switching paths is connected to a respective coil of the motor and wherein each switching transistor pair and associated coil are operated as a buck voltage regulator.
7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the supply voltage is higher than a rated voltage for said motor.
8. A system for controlling an electronic motor that comprises a plurality of electromagnets, wherein each electromagnet comprises a respective coil, the system comprising:
a driver circuit powered by a supply voltage, and configured to provide an output voltage derived from the supply voltage to each of the plurality of electromagnets, to induce a respective current in the respective coil of one or more of the plurality of electromagnets to generate respective induced currents; and
a control block configured to adjust the value of each of the generated respective induced currents by pulse width modulation, wherein a duty cycle is adjusted based on an input command and the value of the supply voltage to adjust an angular velocity of the electronic motor,
wherein the control block is further configured to determine one or more time values based on a representation of the angular velocity of the electronic motor determined by the induced respective currents, and generate the input command based on the one or more time values.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the control block is further configured to generate one or more control signals based on the input command and the value of the supply voltage, and adjust the value of each of the generated respective induced currents by controlling the one or more of the plurality of electromagnets with the one or more control signals.
10. The system of claim 8 , wherein the driver circuit comprises for each motor coil two switching transistors whose switching paths are coupled in series between the supply voltage and ground wherein a node between the switching paths is connected to a respective coil of the motor and wherein each switching transistor pair and associated coil are operated as a buck voltage regulator.
11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the supply voltage is higher than a rated voltage for said motor.
12. A method for controlling a rotating motor, wherein the rotating motor comprises a plurality of electromagnets, wherein each electromagnet of the plurality of electromagnets comprises a respective coil, the method comprising:
inducing a respective current in one or more of the respective coils, by providing respective output voltages derived from at least one rail voltage to the one or more respective coils;
receiving an input command to adjust the respective values of one or more pulse width modulated control signals used for adjusting a speed of rotation of the rotating motor;
scaling duty cycles of the one or more pulse width modulated control signals based on the input command and a measured value of the at least one rail voltage to adjust each induced respective current to a desired respective value representative of a maximum current that the one or more respective coils are expected to conduct for a specified value of the rotating motor, wherein the specified value of the rotating motor is different from the measured value of the of the at least one rail voltage.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the measured value of the at least one rail voltage is higher than the specified value of the rotating motor.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein said scaling the respective values of the one or more control signals comprises:
sensing a value of the at least one rail voltage;
digitizing the sensed value of the at least one rail voltage to obtain a numeric value representative of the present value of the at least one rail voltage;
calculating respective desired values of the one or more pulse width modulated control signals according to the input command and the numeric value representative of the sensed value of the at least one rail voltage; and
adjusting the respective values of the one or more pulse width modulated control signals to the corresponding respective desired values.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein said providing the respective output voltages comprises providing the respective output voltages through respective switching voltage regulators wherein each coil of the rotating motor is part of a respective switching voltage regulator.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein said scaling the respective values of the one or more control signals comprises scaling the respective duty cycles of respective pulse width modulated control signals provided to the respective switching voltage regulators.
17. A system comprising:
an electronic rotating motor, wherein the electronic rotating motor comprises a stator comprising a plurality of electromagnets, wherein each electromagnet comprises a respective coil;
a driver circuit powered by a supply voltage, and configured to provide an output voltage derived from the supply voltage to each of the plurality of electromagnets, to induce a respective current in the respective coil of one or more of the plurality of electromagnets to generate respective induced currents; and
a control block configured to adjust the value of each of the generated respective induced currents by pulse width modulation, wherein a duty cycle is adjusted based on an input command and the value of the supply voltage to adjust an angular velocity of the electronic rotating motor;
wherein the driver circuit comprises for each motor coil two switching transistors whose switching paths are coupled in series between the supply voltage and ground wherein a node between the switching paths is connected to a respective coil of the motor and wherein each switching transistor pair and associated coil are operated as a buck voltage regulator.
18. The system of claim 17 , wherein the supply voltage is higher than a rated voltage for said motor.