Anchored conductive via and method for forming
View Patent ↗A conductive via and a method of forming. The conductive via includes a portion located between a conductive contact structure and an overhang portion of a dielectric layer located above the conductive contact structure. In one embodiment, the overhang portion is formed by forming an undercutting layer over the conductive contact structure and then forming a dielectric layer over the conductive contact structure and the undercutting layer. An opening is formed in the dielectric layer and material of the undercutting layer is removed through the opening to create an overhang portion of the dielectric layer. Conductive material of the conductive via is then formed under the overhang portion and in the opening.
1. A method of forming a conductive via comprising:
forming a conductive contact structure having a surface of a conductive material;
forming an undercutting layer over the conductive contact structure, the undercutting layer being of a different material than the surface of the conductive material;
forming a dielectric layer over the undercutting layer and over the conductive contact structure, the undercutting layer located between the dielectric layer and the conductive contact structure;
forming an opening in the dielectric layer over the conductive contact structure;
removing material of the undercutting layer through the opening in the dielectric layer, wherein the surface of the conductive contact structure is exposed through the opening in the dielectric layer, wherein an opening formed by the removing of the material of the undercutting layer is wider than the opening in the dielectric layer such that the dielectric layer has an overhang portion adjacent the opening in the dielectric layer above the conductive contact structure; and
filling the opening formed by the removing of the undercutting material and at least partially filling the opening in the dielectric layer with a conductive fill material, wherein the filling results in the conductive fill material being located between the overhang portion of the dielectric layer and the conductive contact structure, wherein:
the filling the opening is performed such that the conductive fill material has an internal tensile stress to provide an upward pressure on the overhang portion, and
the at least partially filling the opening includes filling the opening with the conductive fill material above a top surface of the dielectric layer and forming conductive fill material in an area over the to surface of the dielectric layer adjacent to the opening of the dielectric layer, wherein the conductive fill material has an internal tensile stress to provide a downward pressure on the top surface of the dielectric layer at the area adjacent to the opening of the dielectric layer.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the under cutting material is characterized as a dielectric material.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the undercutting material includes silicon dioxide.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the dielectric material includes silicon nitride.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the removing material of the undercutting layer includes using an isotropic etch with an etch chemistry that is selective to the undercutting material and is not selective to the dielectric material.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the forming the undercutting layer includes forming the undercutting layer over a surface of a work piece, the work piece includes the conductive contact structure, wherein the forming the undercutting layer over the surface of the work piece includes forming the undercutting layer over areas outside the conductive contact structure;
the forming the dielectric layer includes forming the dielectric layer over the undercutting layer in the areas outside the conductive contact structure;
the removing material of the undercutting layer results in leaving material of the under cutting layer in at least some of the areas.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein the material of the undercutting layer serves as an adhesion layer for adhering the dielectric layer to a surface of the work piece.
8. A method of forming a conductive via, comprising:
forming a conductive contact structure having a surface of a conductive material;
forming an undercutting layer over the conductive contact structure, the undercutting layer being of a different material than the surface of the conductive material;
forming a dielectric layer over the undercutting layer and over the conductive contact structure, the undercutting layer located between the dielectric layer and the conductive contact structure;
forming an opening in the dielectric layer over the conductive contact structure;
removing material of the undercutting layer through the opening in the dielectric layer, wherein the surface of the conductive contact structure is exposed through the opening in the dielectric layer, wherein an opening formed by the removing of the material of the undercutting layer is wider than the opening in the dielectric layer such that the dielectric layer has an overhang portion adjacent the opening in the dielectric layer above the conductive contact structure; and
filling the opening formed by the removing of the undercutting material and at least partially filling the opening in the dielectric layer with a conductive fill material, wherein the filling results in the conductive fill material being located between the overhang portion of the dielectric layer and the conductive contact structure, wherein:
the forming the undercutting layer includes forming the undercutting layer over a surface of a work piece, the work piece includes the conductive contact structure, wherein the forming the undercutting layer over the surface of the work piece includes forming the undercutting layer over areas outside the conductive contact structure;
the forming the undercutting layer includes patterning the undercutting layer to form a physically isolated structure of the undercutting layer over the conductive contact structure;
the forming the dielectric layer further includes forming the dielectric layer over the physically isolated structure such that the dielectric layer surrounds all peripheral sides of the physically isolated structure;
wherein a width of the physically isolated structure is wider than the opening in the dielectric layer.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the removing material of the undercutting layer includes removing all of the material of the physically isolated structure.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the dielectric layer is characterized as a passivation layer and the conductive contact structure is characterized as a conductive structure located in a final metal layer of an integrated circuit.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the forming conductive fill material is performed such that the conductive fill material is over and in direct contact with the top surface of the dielectric layer adjacent to the opening of the dielectric layer.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the dielectric layer is characterized as a passivation layer and the conductive contact structure is characterized as a conductive structure located in a final metal layer of an integrated circuit.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein the filling the opening and the at least partially filling the opening are performed by a plating process of the conductive fill material.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the filling the opening and the at least partially filling the opening are performed by an electroless plating process of the conductive fill material.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the conductive fill material has a nickel content of at least 85.0% by weight.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the conductive fill material has a phosphorous content in a range of 5.0% to 10.0% by weight.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein the filling the opening and the partially filling the opening are performed by a plating process using a plating solution having a pH level of 4.0 or greater.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein the filling the opening and the partially filling the opening are performed by a plating process having a current density of 3.0 Amps per decimeter squared or less.
19. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the at least partially filling the opening includes filling the opening above the top surface of the opening;
the method includes planarizing the top surface of the dielectric material and the conductive fill material;
the method further includes forming a conductive structure above the top surface of the planarized conductive fill material and in electrical conduction with the planarized conductive fill material.
20. The method of claim 8 wherein the dielectric layer is characterized as a passivation layer and the conductive contact structure is characterized as a conductive structure located in a final metal layer of an integrated circuit.