Low temperature hydrocarbon gel II
A composition useful for crosslinking phosphate esters in hydrocarbon gels used in formation fracturing performs especially well in cold temperatures, such as temperatures lower than (−)20° C. Methods of making the crosslinking composition and the gel are described; also methods of fracturing subterranean formations. Specific forms of ferric sulfate and ferric ammonium citrate are useful as ingredients of the crosslinking composition.
1. Composition useful for forming gels in liquified propane comprising the reaction product of, by weight, (a) 57-63.5 parts by weight ferric sulfate, (b) 4.37-4.83 parts by weight ferric ammonium citrate (red or brown), (c) 11.4-50 parts by weight citric acid, (d) 12.06-13.33 ammonium hydroxide, and (e) 10.07-11.13 monoisopropanolamine.
2. Composition of claim 1 wherein said ferric sulfate includes 0.8 to 1.5 parts by weight sulfuric acid.
3. Composition useful for forming gels in liquified propane comprising the reaction product of, by weight, (a) 57-63.5 parts by weight ferric sulfate, (b) 4.37-4.83 parts by weight ferric ammonium citrate (red or brown), (c) 11.4-50 parts by weight citric acid, (d) 12.06-13.33 ammonium hydroxide, and (e) 10.07-11.13 monoisopropanolamine, said composition being substantially free of water.
4. A low temperature hydrocarbon gel composition useful in fracturing subterranean formations comprising a (a) liquefied propane, (b) a phosphate ester gel former, and (c) an iron crosslinker for the phosphate ester gel former comprising a composition of claim 1 in an amount sufficient to form a gel with said phosphate ester gel former in said liquefied propane.
5. The hydrocarbon gel composition of claim 4 including a proppant in an amount sufficient to maintain fissures in a subterranean formation.
6. The low temperature hydrocarbon gel composition of claim 4 including a hard burned magnesium oxide gel breaker in an amount sufficient to effect a delayed breaking of said gel.
7. Method of fracturing an underground formation through a well comprising fracturing said formation by introducing into said well under pressure sufficient to fracture said underground formation a gelled fracturing composition, at a temperature lower than (−)20° C., of a low temperature hydrocarbon gel composition of claim 4 .
8. Method of claim 7 wherein said gelled fracturing composition includes a proppant.
9. Method of claim 7 wherein said phosphate gel former comprises a C3-C4 alkanol phosphate diester.
10. Method of claim 7 wherein said ferric sulfate includes 0.8 to 1.5 parts by weight sulfuric acid.