Pressure pulse fracturing system
The present invention provides for an assembly for creating a pressure pulse in a liquid-filled cavity within a fracturable material such as a boulder wherein the primary energy storage element is disposed in a transducer at the boulder to improve the coupling of energy between the energy storage unit and the fluid in the boulder.
1. An assembly for creating pressure waves in a liquid-filled cavity within a material, said assembly comprising:
a transducer comprising a transducer case having a plurality of openings and at least one electrode set, said openings for enabling a pressure wave created within said transducer case to expand into said cavity; and
an energy storage component disposed directly adjacent to said transducer, said energy storage component disposed in a module, said module having a larger diameter than said transducer case;
wherein said electrode set comprises at least one high voltage electrode and at least one low voltage electrode separated by an electrode gap.
2. The assembly of claim 1 wherein an electrical current passes through said electrode gap to create pressure through expansion of the liquid as the liquid undergoes a phase change to gas and/or plasma.
3. The assembly of claim 1 further comprising a switch to connect said energy storage component to said electrode set.
4. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said energy storage component comprises an inductive energy storage component.
5. The assembly of claim 1 comprising more than one set of electrodes arranged in parallel allowing parallel current flow.
6. The assembly of claim 1 comprising more than one set of electrodes arranged in series.
7. The assembly of claim 1 comprising more than one set of electrodes arranged in a geometric configuration.
8. The assembly of claim 7 wherein said geometric configuration comprises a configuration selected from the group consisting of a straight line, a curve, a circle, a spiral, and a combination thereof.
9. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said material comprises a boulder.
10. The assembly of claim 1 further comprising a primary electrical power source connected to said energy storage component for charging said energy storage component, said primary electrical power source located away from the material.
11. The assembly of claim 10 further comprising a cable connecting said primary electrical power source to said energy storage component.
12. The assembly of claim 11 wherein said primary electrical power source comprises an inductive energy storage apparatus to provide a high voltage pulse via said cable to charge said energy storage component.
13. The assembly of claim 11 wherein said primary electrical power source comprises an electrical power supply to provide a high voltage via said cable to charge said energy storage component.
14. The assembly of claim 11 wherein said primary electrical power source comprises a high voltage capacitor bank to provide a high voltage via said cable to charge said energy storage component.
15. The assembly of claim 14 wherein said capacitor bank comprises at least one switching component selected from the group consisting of a spark gap, a thyratron, a vacuum gap, a pseudo-spark switch, a mechanical switch, a solid state switch, and a combination thereof.
16. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said at least one electrode set is disposed in said transducer so that capacitance is provided between an electrode and a ground structure of said transducer.
17. The assembly of claim 16 wherein said capacitance is formed via a liquid disposed between said electrode and said ground structure.
18. The assembly of claim 16 wherein said capacitance is formed via a capacitor disposed between said electrode and said ground structure.
19. The assembly of claim 16 further comprising a liquid or capacitor between said at least one electrode to another electrode in said electrode set to form said capacitance.
20. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said energy storage component is disposed directly into a hole in said material.
21. A method for creating pressure waves in a liquid-filled cavity within a material, the method comprising:
providing a transducer assembly, the transducer assembly comprising a transducer case having a plurality of openings and at least one electrode set comprising at least two electrodes;
providing an energy storage component directly adjacent to said transducer case;
said energy storage component disposed in a module, said module having a larger diameter than said transducer case;
disposing the transducer assembly but not the energy storage component within a hole in the material;
passing an electrical current through a gap formed between the at least two electrodes;
converting electrical energy to pressure energy, thereby forming a pressure wave; and
the pressure wave expanding via the openings into the cavity.
22. The method of claim 21 wherein the at least two electrodes comprises at least one high voltage electrode and at least one low voltage electrode.
23. The method of claim 22 wherein the at least one high voltage electrode or the at least one low voltage electrode comprises an intermediate electrode.
24. The method of claim 23 further comprising providing capacitance between each intermediate electrode and a ground structure of the transducer assembly by disposing the at least one electrode set in the transducer assembly.
25. The method of claim 24 further comprising forming the capacitance by disposing a liquid between the intermediate electrode and the ground structure.
26. The method of claim 24 further comprising forming the capacitance by disposing a capacitor between the intermediate electrode and the ground structure.
27. The method of claim 26 wherein the capacitor comprises a solid or liquid dielectric material.
28. The method of claim 24 further comprising forming the capacitance by disposing a liquid or capacitor between the at least one electrode set from electrode to electrode.
29. The method of claim 24 further comprising supplying electrical energy to the energy storage component.
30. The method of claim 29 further comprising connecting a cable to an energy storage device located away from the material.
31. The method of claim 21 further comprising creating pressure energy through expansion of the liquid as the liquid undergoes a phase change to gas or plasma.
32. The method of claim 21 further comprising arranging more than one set of electrodes in parallel.
33. The method of claim 21 further comprising arranging more than one set of electrodes in a line or series of straight lines.
34. The method of claim 21 further comprising arranging more than one set of electrodes in a geometric configuration.
35. The method of claim 34 further comprising selecting the geometric configuration from the group consisting of a straight line, a curve, a circle, a spiral, and a combination thereof.
36. The method of claim 21 wherein the material comprises a boulder.