Method of manufacture of constant groove depth pads
Processing pads for mechanical and/or chemical-mechanical planarization or polishing of substrates in the fabrication of microelectronic devices, methods for making the pads, and methods, apparatus, and systems that utilize and incorporate the processing pads are provided. The processing pads include grooves or other openings in the abrading surface containing a solid or partially solid fill material that can be selectively removed as desired to maintain the fill at an about constant or set distance from the abrading surface of the pad and an about constant depth of the pad openings for multiple processing and conditioning applications over the life of the pad.
1. A planarizing pad, comprising:
a pad structure comprising:
a pad material comprising a pad surface; and
openings extending into the pad material from the pad surface; and
a partially solidified fill material partially filling the openings, and comprising:
a flowable and curable portion; and
a solidified portion over the flowable and curable portion within the openings.
2. The planarizing pad of claim 1 , wherein the partially solidified fill material comprises a resist material.
3. The planarizing pad of claim 1 , wherein the partially solidified fill material comprises water-soluble particles within a water-soluble binder.
4. The planarizing pad of claim 3 , wherein the water-soluble particles are selected from the group consisting of high molecular weight sugars, water-soluble salts, water-soluble gums, and water-soluble resins.
5. The planarizing pad of claim 3 , wherein the water-soluble binder comprises a calcium-based binder.
6. The planarizing pad of claim 1 , wherein a depth of the openings is less than a thickness of the pad material.
7. The planarizing pad of claim 6 , wherein the depth of the openings is from about 50% to about 80% of the thickness of the pad material.
8. The planarizing pad of claim 1 , wherein the pad material comprises abrasive particles.
9. The planarizing pad of claim 1 , wherein the pad material is devoid of abrasive particles.
10. A planarizing pad, comprising:
a pad structure comprising:
a pad material comprising a pad surface; and
openings extending from the pad surface and into the pad material, a depth of the openings less than a thickness of the pad material; and material, and
a partially solidified fill material within the openings, the partially solidified fill material comprising a hardened portion overlying a liquid portion within the openings.
11. A method of fabricating a planarizing pad, comprising:
providing a pad with openings extending into a pad material of the pad;
providing a liquid fill material into the openings extending into the pad material from a surface of the pad material to partially fill the openings with the liquid fill material; and
curing a portion of the liquid fill material to form a partially solidified fill material comprising a solidified portion over a flowable and curable portion of the liquid fill material.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising forming the openings to a depth less than a thickness of the pad material.
13. A method of fabricating a planarizing pad, comprising:
providing a pad with openings extending into a pad material of the pad;
filling the openings extending into a pad material from the pad surface of the pad material with fill material in a flowable and curable state and consisting essentially of water-soluble particles within a water-soluble, calcium-based binder, the water-soluble particles selected from the group consisting of high molecular weight sugars, water-soluble salts, water-soluble gums, and water-soluble resins;
solidifying a portion of fill material;
removing a portion of the fill material within the openings to a distance from the pad surface; and
solidifying another portion of the fill material to form a partially solidified fill material comprising a solidified portion over a flowable and curable portion of the liquid fill material.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein removing a portion of the fill material comprises applying a composition selective to the fill material and compatible with the pad material onto the fill material and pad material to selectively dissolve the portion of the fill material.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein solidifying another portion of the fill material comprises exposing the fill material to ultraviolet radiation to form the solidified portion over the flowable and curable portion.
16. A method of planarizing a substrate, comprising:
planarizing a substrate surface with a planarizing pad comprising:
a pad structure comprising:
a pad material comprising a surface; and
openings extending into the pad material from the surface; and
a partially solidified fill material partially filling the openings, and comprising:
a flowable and curable portion; and
a solidified portion over the flowable and curable portion within the openings;
applying a composition to the pad material and the partially solidified fill material to selectively remove a portion of partially solidified fill material from remaining portions of the openings; and
solidifying another portion of the partially solidified fill material.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein solidifying another portion of the partially solidified fill material comprises curing the another portion of the partially solidified fill material.
18. The method of claim 16 , further comprising conditioning the planarizing pad after planarizing the substrate surface.
19. The method of claim 16 , further comprising conditioning the surface of the pad material while applying the composition to remove the partially solidified fill material from the openings of the pad.
20. A system for planarizing a substrate, comprising:
a holder adapted to support the substrate;
a planarizing pad mounted on a support and comprising:
a pad structure comprising:
a pad material comprising a surface; and
openings extending into the pad material from the surface; and
a partially solidified fill material partially filling the openings, and comprising:
a flowable and curable portion; and
a solidified portion over the flowable and curable portion within the openings;
an actuator operable to move the substrate and the surface of the planarizing pad relative to each other;
a source of a composition formulated to dissolve the partially solidified fill material selective to the pad material; and
a dispenser for delivering the composition onto the partially solidified fill material and the pad material.
21. The system of claim 20 , further comprising:
a conditioning pad mounted on a carrier; and
an actuator operable to move the conditioning pad relative to and in contact with the surface of the planarizing pad.