Methods of controlling mercury emission
Disclosed are methods for controlling, mercury emissions, and more particularly, to methods for controlling mercury re-emissions from a wet flue gas desulfurizer used in a combustion process. A method of controlling mercury re-emission from a combustion process includes measuring either mercury concentration, oxidation-reduction, potential (ORP), and/or sulfide concentration within a scrubber liquor of a wet flue gas desulpherizer (wFGD); correlating the mercury concentration, ORP, and /or sulfide concentration with an amount of mercury re-emission additive required in the scrubber liquor to reduce and/or prevent mercury re-emission to a selected level; and adjusting the rate of addition of mercury re-emission additive into the scrubber liquor to attain the selected level of mercury re-emission.
1. A method of controlling mercury re-emission from a combustion process, the method comprising:
(a) measuring either mercury concentration, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and/or sulfide concentration within a scrubber liquor of a wet flue gas desulpherizer (wFGD);
(b) correlating the mercury concentration, ORP, and/or sulfide concentration with an amount of mercury re-emission additive required in the scrubber liquor to reduce and/or prevent mercury re-emission to a selected level; and
(c) adjusting the rate of addition of mercury re-emission additive into the scrubber liquor to attain the selected level of mercury re-emission.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein mercury concentration is measured.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein oxidation-reduction potential is measured.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein sulfide concentration is measured.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rate of addition of mercury re-emission control additive is adjusted to reduced the scrubber liquor ionic mercury concentration to less than 500 ppt.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rate of addition of mercury re-emission control additive is adjusted to reduce the scrubber liquor ionic mercury concentration to less than 200 ppt.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rate of addition of mercury re-emission control additive is adjusted to reduce the scrubber liquor ionic mercury concentration to less than 200 ppt and the percent mercury re-emission from the scrubber liquor is reduced to 10% or less.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rate of addition of mercury re-emission control additive is adjusted to reduce the scrubber liquor mercury concentration to less than 100 ppt and the percent mercury re-emission from the scrubber liquor is reduced to 1% or less.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ORP value is measured, and the rate of addition of mercury re-emission control additive is adjusted to reduce the scrubber liquor oxidation-reduction potential by 100 mV.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ORP value is measured, and the rate of addition of mercury re-emission control additive is adjusted to reduce the scrubber liquor oxidation-reduction potential by 300 mV.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ORP value is measured, and the rate of addition of mercury re-emission control additive is adjusted to reduce the scrubber liquor oxidation-reduction potential by 400 mV.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidation-reduction potential of the scrubber liquor is measured prior to adjusting the rate of addition of mercury re-emission control additive to provide a baseline, wherein the rate of addition of mercury re-emission is control additive is thereafter increased to reduce the scrubber liquor oxidation-reduction potential by 50-400 mV.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the reduction of the scrubber liquor oxidation-reduction potential by 50-400 mV correlates to a decrease in mercury re-emission from the scrubber liquor to a value of 20% mercury re-emission or less.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the reduction of the scrubber liquor oxidation-reduction potential by 50-400 mV correlates to a decrease in mercury re-emission from the scrubber liquor to a value of 10% mercury re-emission or less.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the reduction of the scrubber liquor oxidation-reduction potential by 50-400 mV correlates to a decrease in mercury re-emission from the scrubber liquor to a value of 1% mercury re-emission or less.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rate of addition of mercury re-emission control additive is adjusted to increase the scrubber liquor sulfide concentration to greater than 20 ppm.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rate of addition of mercury re-emission control additive is adjusted to increase the scrubber liquor sulfide concentration to greater than 50 ppm.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rate of addition of mercury re-emission control additive is adjusted to increase the scrubber liquor sulfide concentration to greater than 70 ppm.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rate of addition of mercury re-emission control additive is adjusted to increase the scrubber liquor sulfide concentration to a range of about 20 ppm to about 100 ppm.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rate of addition of mercury re-emission control additive is adjusted to increase the scrubber liquor sulfide concentration to a range of about 30 ppm to about 70 ppm.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mercury re-emission control additive is a polydithiocarbamic compound.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mercury re-emission control additive is an ethylene dichloride ammonia polymer containing from 5 to 55 mole % of dithiocarbamate salt groups.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mercury re-emission control additive is a polymer derived from at least two monomers: acrylic-x and an alkylamine, wherein said acrylic-x has the following formula:
wherein X═OR, OH and salts thereof, or NHR 2 and wherein R 1 and R 2 is H or an alkyl or aryl group, wherein R is an alkyl or aryl group, wherein the molecular weight of said polymer is between 500 to 200,000, and wherein said polymer is modified to contain a functional group capable of scavenging one or more compositions containing one or more metals.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the functional group capable of scavenging one or more compositions containing one or more metals is a sulfur containing functional group.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mercury re-emission control additive is selected from the group consisting of: a poly-dithiocarbamic compound, sodium sulfide, sodium hydrosulfide, sodium bisulfide, a poly-sulfide, diethyldithiocarbamate or a sodium salt thereof, dimethyldithiocarbamate or a sodium salt thereof, an inorganic poly-sulfide or blend, a sodium or calcium salt of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trithione, an activated carbon, 2,3-dimercaptopropanol, dimercaptosuccinic acid, 1,8-octanedithiol, 1,2-dithiolane-3-valeric acid, 2-methyl 1,3-dithiolane, and mercaptoacetic acid or a sodium salt thereof.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of measurement of ionic mercury concentration, oxidation-reduction potential, and sulfide ion concentration is automated.
27. The method of claim 1 , wherein adjustment of the rate of addition of mercury re-emission control additive is automatic in response to a measurement of at least one of the ionic mercury concentration, the oxidation-reduction potential, and the sulfide ion concentration.
28. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of mercury concentration, oxidation-reduction potential, and sulfide ion concentration are continuously monitored.