High density electrode structure
Electrode cabling, including a core and n wires coiled on the core in an arrangement topologically equivalent to an n-start thread configuration, wherein n is an integer greater than one. The cabling also includes a sheath covering the n wires and an electrode attached through the sheath to a given wire selected from the n wires.
1. Electrode cabling, comprising:
a hollow core;
n wires coiled on an outer surface of the core, the n wires having n respective conductors and n respective insulating layers, the n wires consisting of a single close-packed layer and in an arrangement topologically equivalent to an n-start thread configuration, each n respective insulating layer in the closed-packed layer being in continuous contact with at least one adjacent n respective insulating layer, wherein n is an integer greater than one;
a sheath covering the n wires; and
a ring electrode having a location along the sheath attached through a channel formed in the sheath at the location and a respective one of the n respective insulating layers to a given wire selected from the n wires.
2. The cabling according to claim 1 , and comprising up to (n−1) further ring electrodes attached through the sheath to up to (n−1) respective wires other than the given wire.
3. The cabling according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the n wires is configured to act as an index wire for the n wires.
4. The cabling according to claim 3 , wherein the index wire is visually different in appearance from the n wires not including the index wire.
5. The cabling according to claim 1 , wherein the sheath is transparent.
6. The cabling according to claim 1 , wherein the ring electrode is attached to the given wire at a distal end of the cabling, and comprising a connector attached at a proximal end of the cabling to the given wire.
7. The cabling according to claim 1 , wherein the cabling is configured for use as a medical catheter.
8. The cabling according to claim 1 , wherein the core is cylindrical, and wherein the n wires are coiled on the core in the n-start thread configuration.
9. A catheter, comprising:
a retaining cable, comprising a plurality of electrode cablings, each electrode cabling comprising:
a hollow core;
n wires coiled on an outer surface of the core, the n wires having n respective conductors and n respective insulating layers, the n wires consisting of a single closed-packed layer and in an arrangement topologically equivalent to an n-start thread configuration, each n respective insulating layer in the closed-packed layer being in continuous contact with at least one adjacent n respective insulating layer, wherein n is an integer greater than one;
a sheath covering the n wires; and
up to n ring electrodes, each having a location along the sheath and each respectively attached through a channel formed in the sheath at its location and a respective one of the n respective insulating layers to up to n different wires of the arrangement.
10. The catheter according to claim 9 , wherein distal ends of the plurality of electrode cablings are configured as spokes radiating from the retaining cable.
11. The catheter according to claim 10 , wherein the spokes form a plane orthogonal to the retaining cable.
12. The catheter according to claim 10 , wherein the spokes form a plane which includes the retaining cable.
13. The catheter according to claim 9 , wherein distal ends of the plurality of electrode cablings are configured as spines of a basket assembly, wherein the spines are connected at the proximal ends thereof to the retaining cable, and the spines are connected to each other at the distal ends thereof.
14. The catheter according to claim 13 , wherein the spines are equal in length.
15. The catheter according to claim 13 , wherein the spines are unequal in length.
16. The catheter according to claim 15 , wherein the spines form ribs of a hemisphere.
17. Cabling, comprising:
a hollow core;
n optical fibers coiled on an outer surface of the core, the n optical fibers consisting of a single closed-packed layer and in an arrangement topologically equivalent to an n-start thread configuration, an outer surface of a first n optical fiber in the closed-packed layer being in constant contact with the outside surface of at least one other n optical fiber, wherein n is an integer greater than one;
a sheath covering the n optical fibers; and
a sensor having a location along the sheath attached through a channel formed in the sheath at the location to a given optical fiber selected from the optical fibers.
18. Cabling, comprising: a hollow core; a plurality of active elements, the active elements comprising, n optical fibers coiled on the core, wherein n is an integer greater than zero; and m wires coiled on the core, wherein m is an integer greater than zero, and wherein the n optical fibers and the m wires consist of a single close-packed layer coiled on the hollow core and in an arrangement topologically equivalent to an (n+m)-start thread configuration, an outer surface of a first active element in the close packed layer being in contact with the outer surface of a second active element; and a sheath covering the n optical fibers and the m wires and having at least one channel formed therein.
19. A method for forming an electrode cabling comprising:
coiling n wires on an outer surface of a hollow core, the n wires having n respective conductors an n respective insulating layers, wherein the n wires consist of a single closed-packed layer and in an arrangement topologically equivalent to an n-start thread configuration, each n respective insulating layer in the closed-packed layer being in continuous contact with at least one adjacent n respective insulating layer, wherein n is an integer greater than one;
covering the n wires with a sheath; and
attaching a ring electrode having a location along the sheath through a channel formed in the sheath at the location and a respective one of the n respective insulating layers to a given wire in the arrangement.
20. The method according to claim 19 , and comprising attaching up to (n−1) further ring electrodes through the sheath to up to (n−1) respective wires other than the given wire.
21. The method according to claim 19 , and comprising configuring at least one of the n wires to act as an index wire for the n wires.
22. The method according to claim 21 , wherein the index wire is visually different in appearance from the n wires not including the index wire.
23. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the sheath is transparent.
24. The method according to claim 19 , and comprising attaching the ring electrode to the given wire at a distal end of the electrode cabling, and attaching a connector at a proximal end of the electrode cabling to the given wire.
25. The method according to claim 19 , and comprising configuring the electrode cabling for use as a medical catheter.
26. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the core is cylindrical, the method comprising coiling the n wires on the core in the n-start thread configuration.
27. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the core encloses a shape memory element.
28. A method for producing a catheter, comprising:
enclosing a plurality of electrode cablings within a retaining cable; and
for each electrode cabling:
coiling n wires on an outer surface of a hollow core, the n wires having n respective conductors and n respective insulating layers, the n wires consisting of a single closed-packed layer and in an arrangement topologically equivalent to an n-start thread configuration, each n respective insulating layer in the closed-packed layer being in continuous contact with at least one adjacent n respective insulating layer, wherein n is an integer greater than one;
covering the n wires with a sheath; and
respectively attaching up to n ring electrodes, each having a location along the sheath each through a channel formed in the sheath at its location and a respective one of the n respective insulating layers to up to n different wires in the arrangement.
29. The method according to claim 28 , and comprising configuring distal ends of the plurality of electrode cablings as spokes radiating from the retaining cable.
30. The method according to claim 29 , wherein the spokes form a plane orthogonal to the retaining cable.
31. The method according to claim 29 , wherein the spokes form a plane which includes the retaining cable.
32. The method according to claim 28 , and comprising configuring distal ends of the plurality of electrode cablings as spines of a basket assembly wherein the spines are connected at the proximal ends thereof to the retaining cable and are connected to each other at the distal ends thereof.
33. The method according to claim 32 , wherein the spines are equal in length.
34. The method according to claim 32 , wherein the spines are unequal in length.
35. The method according to claim 34 , wherein the spines form ribs of a hemisphere.
36. A method, comprising: coiling n optical fibers on an outer surface of a hollow core, the n optical fibers consisting of a single closed-packed layer and in an arrangement topologically equivalent to an n-start thread configuration, an outer surface of a first n optical fiber in the closed-packed layer being in constant contact with the outside surface of at least one other n optical fiber, wherein n is an integer greater than one; covering the n optical fibers with a sheath; and attaching a sensor having a location along the sheath through a channel formed in the sheath at the location to a given optical fiber selected from the optical fibers.
37. A method, comprising: providing a plurality of active elements, the active elements having a plurality of optical fibers and a plurality of wires; coiling n optical fibers on a hollow core, wherein n is an integer greater than zero; coiling m wires coiled on the core, wherein m is an integer greater than zero, and wherein the n optical fibers and the m wires consist of a single closed-packed layer coiled on the hollow core and in an arrangement topologically equivalent to an (n+m)-start thread configuration, an outer surface of a first active element in the close packed layer being in contact with the outer surface of a second active element; covering the n optical fibers and the m wires with a sheath; and attaching a sensor having a location along the sheath through a channel formed in the sheath at the location to a given optical fiber selected from the optical fibers.