Planar solar energy concentrator
A solar concentrator, comprising: a substantially planar light insertion layer being made of light-transmissive material and including: an optical entry surface, an array of optical redirecting elements, and an array of optical exits being, each of the optical redirecting elements receiving and redirecting light towards an optical exit; a substantially planar light guide layer being made of light-transmissive material and including: a first surface for receiving light exiting the light insertion layer, a second surface opposite the first surface, the first and second surfaces being structured and arranged with one respect to the other such that light entering the light guide layer is guided to at least one optical output surface via a series of reflections; and an array of optical apertures optically interconnecting the light insertion layer and the light guide layer formed by at least one deformed optical coupling element. A method of manufacture thereof is also disclosed.
1. A solar concentrator, comprising:
a substantially planar light insertion layer, the light insertion layer being made of light-transmissive material and including:
at least one optical entry surface for receiving light,
an array of optical redirecting elements, each of the optical redirecting elements being in optical communication with the optical entry surface,
an array of optical exits, each of the optical exits being in optical communication with an associated one of the optical redirecting elements, and
each of the optical redirecting elements for receiving light and redirecting received light towards the optical exit associated with that one of the optical redirecting elements;
a substantially planar light guide layer, the light guide layer being made of light-transmissive material and including:
a first surface for receiving light exiting the light insertion layer through the optical exits,
a second surface opposite the first surface,
the first surface and the second surface being structured and arranged with one respect to the other such that light entering the light guide layer is guided through the light guide layer to at least one light guide layer optical output surface via a series of reflections; and
an array of optical apertures optically interconnecting the light insertion layer and the light guide layer formed by interfaces between at least one of the light insertion layer and the light guide layer and at least one deformed optical coupling, element.
2. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the at least one deformed optical coupling element is a single optical coupling element forming the array of optical apertures optically interconnecting the light insertion layer and the light guide layer.
3. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the at least one deformed optical coupling element is a plurality of optical coupling elements, each one of the plurality of optical coupling elements forming one of the array of optical apertures optically interconnecting the light insertion layer and the light guide layer.
4. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the at least one deformed optical coupling element is disposed in between the light insertion layer and the light guide layer and optically couples each of the optical exits of the light insertion layer to the first surface of the light guide layer.
5. The solar concentrator of claim 4 , wherein the array of optical apertures is a multi-dimensional array of optical apertures including at least a first sub-array of interfaces between the light insertion layer and the deformed optical coupling element through which light exits the light insertion layer, and a second sub-array of interfaces between the deformed optical coupling element and the light guide layer through which light enters the light guide layer.
6. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the at least one deformed optical coupling element is at least a portion of each of the optical exits of the light insertion layer.
7. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the deformed optical coupling element is elastomeric.
8. The solar concentrator of claim 7 , wherein the deformed optical coupling element is silicone.
9. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the optical entry surface includes at least some of the optical redirecting elements.
10. The solar concentrator of claim 9 , wherein the optical redirecting elements of the optical entry surface are optical concentrating elements.
11. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the optical redirecting elements are compound optical elements with each of the compound optical elements including a portion of the optical entry surface and a portion physically spaced apart from the portion of the optical entry surface.
12. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the optical redirecting elements are optical reflecting elements.
13. The solar concentrator of claim 12 , wherein the optical redirecting elements redirect the received light via total internal reflection.
14. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the optical redirecting elements are optical concentrating elements.
15. The solar concentrator of claim 14 , wherein the optical redirecting elements are optical focusing elements.
16. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein each of the optical redirecting elements includes at least one parabolic section in cross-section.
17. The solar concentrator of claim 16 , wherein each of the optical redirecting elements has a focal point located at least in the vicinity of the optical aperture associated with that optical redirecting element.
18. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein at least a majority of the optical redirecting elements of the light insertion layer are annular and of a sequentially decreasing diameter.
19. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein there is a one-to-one relationship between the optical redirecting elements and the optical exits of the light insertion layer.
20. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the first of surface the light guide layer includes a series of projections forming at least a part of the optical apertures.
21. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the first surface and the second surface are structured and arranged one with respect to the other such that light entering the light guide layer is guided through the light guide layer to the at least one optical output surface of the light guide layer via total internal reflection.
22. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein the light guide layer is wedge-shaped.
23. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and the second surfaces of the light guide layer is stepped.
24. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the light insertion layer and the light guide layer is made of a polymeric material.
25. The solar concentrator of claim 1 , further comprising at least one solar energy collector in optical communication with the at least one optical output surface of the light guide layer for receiving light having been guided through the light guide layer.
26. The solar concentrator of claim 25 , wherein the at least one solar energy collector is a photovoltaic cell.
27. The solar concentrator of claim 25 , further comprising at least one secondary optical element in optical communication with the at least one optical output surface of the light guide layer and with the solar energy collector.
28. The solar concentrator of claim 27 , further comprising at least one deformable secondary optical coupling element coupling the at least one optical output surface of the light guide layer to an input surface of the at least one secondary optical element.
29. A method of fabricating a solar concentrator, comprising:
positioning at least one deformable optical coupling element in between:
a substantially planar solar concentrator light insertion layer, the light insertion-layer being made of light-transmissive material and having an array of optical redirecting elements, and an array of optical exits, each of the optical exits being in optical communication with an associated with one of the optical redirecting elements, each of the optical redirecting elements for receiving light and redirecting received light towards the optical exit associated with that one of the optical redirecting elements, and
a substantially planar solar concentrator light guide layer, the light guide layer being made of light-transmissive material and having a first surface for receiving light exiting the light insertion-layer through the optical exits, a second surface opposite the first surface, the first surface and the second surface being structured and arranged one with respect to the other such that light entering the light guide layer is guided through the light guide layer to at least one light guide layer optical output surface via a series of reflections,
such that, when deformed, the at least one deformable optical coupling element optically couples each of the optical exits of the light insertion layer to the first surface of the light guide layer forming an array of optical apertures optically interconnecting the light insertion layer and the light guide layer;
deforming the at least one deformable optical coupling element thereby forming the array of optical apertures optically interconnecting the light insertion layer and the light guide layer.
30. A method of fabricating a solar concentrator, comprising:
positioning
a substantially planar solar concentrator light insertion layer, the light insertion layer being made of light-transmissive material and having an array of optical redirecting elements, and an array of optical exits, each of the optical exits being in optical communication with an associated with one of the optical redirecting elements, each of the optical redirecting elements for receiving light and redirecting received light via reflection towards the optical exit associated with that one of the optical redirecting elements, and
a substantially planar solar concentrator light guide layer, the light guide layer being made of light-transmissive material and having a first surface for receiving light exiting the light insertion layer through the optical exits, a second surface opposite the first surface, the first surface and the second surface being structured and arranged one with respect to the other such that light entering the light guide layer is guided through the light guide layer to at least one light guide layer optical output surface via a series of reflections,
at least a portion of the optical exits of the light insertion layer capable of deformingly optically coupling the light insertion layer to the first surface of the light guide layer forming an array of optical apertures optically interconnecting the light insertion layer and the light guide layer, such that, when deformed, an array of optical apertures optically interconnecting the light insertion layer and the light guide layer is formed;
deforming at least a portion of the optical exits of the light insertion layer thereby forming the array of optical apertures optically interconnecting the light insertion layer and the light guide layer.