Apparatus and method for modulating a laser beam and sensing the optical power thereof
A method and apparatus for modulating a beam from a laser with an electro-absorption modulator, and determining the optical power of the beam by measuring a back current produced by the electro-absorption modulator. The apparatus comprises an electro-absorption modulator and a back current detector. The electro-absorption modulator receives an electronic digital signal from an electro-absorption driver. The electro-absorption modulator modulates the beam of the laser according to the electronic digital signal. While modulating the beam, the electro-absorption modulator produces a back current. This back current is proportional to the optical power of the beam. The back current detector measures the back current to determine the optical power of the beam.
1. An apparatus for modulating a beam from a laser and determining an optical power of the beam during modulation, comprising:
an electro-absorption modulator for modulating the beam according to an electronic digital signal and generating a back current;
an electro-absorption driver electrically connected to the electro-absorption modulator for generating the electronic digital signal; and
a back current detector in electrical communication with the electro-absorption modulator, the back current detector for measuring the back current generated by the electro-absorption modulator, and flowing between the electro-absorption driver and the electro-absorption modulator, to determine the optical power of the beam, wherein the back current detector comprises:
a resistor electrically connected in series between the electro-absorption driver and the electro-absorption modulator;
an analog difference amplifier electrically connected to the resistor for measuring a voltage difference across the resistor;
two component groups, each component group attached to one side of the resistor and to the analog difference amplifier, each component group comprising a low-pass filter for filtering out the electronic digital signal; and
a processor electrically connected to the analog difference amplifier for converting the measured voltage difference to an optical power using the value of the resistor and a transfer function.
2. An apparatus for modulating a beam from a laser and determining an optical power of the beam during modulation, comprising:
an electro-absorption modulator for modulating the beam according to an electronic digital signal and generating a back current;
an electro-absorption driver electrically connected to the electro-absorption modulator for generating the electronic digital signal; and
a back current detector in electrical communication with the electro-absorption modulator, the back current detector for measuring the back current generated by the electro-absorption modulator, and flowing between the electro-absorption driver and the electro-absorption modulator, to determine the optical power of the beam, wherein the back current detector comprises:
a resistor electrically connected in series between the electro-absorption driver and the electro-absorption modulator;
a comparator in electrical communication with the resistor for determining the digital voltage difference across the resistor;
two component groups, each component group attached to one side of the resistor and to the analog difference amplifier, each component group comprising:
an analog-to-digital converter for digitizing the voltage on the side of the resistor; and
averagers electrically connected in series to the analog-to-digital converter for averaging the digitized voltage across the resistor over a period of time; and
a processor electrically connected to the comparator for converting the measured voltage across the resistor into an optical power using the value of the resistor and a transfer function.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising low-pass filters electrically connected between the resistor and averagers for anti-aliasing the voltage difference across the resistor.
4. An apparatus for modulating a beam from a laser and determining an optical power of the beam during modulation, comprising:
an electro-absorption modulator for modulating the beam according to an electronic digital signal and generating a back current;
an electro-absorption driver electrically connected to the electro-absorption modulator for generating the electronic digital signal; and
a back current detector in electrical communication with the electro-absorption modulator for measuring the back current generated by the electro-absorption modulator to determine the optical power of the beam, wherein the back current detector comprises:
a first back current detector positioned between and electrically connected to a high-voltage source and the electro-absorption driver for measuring the current drawn by the driver;
a second back current detector positioned between and electrically connected to the electro-absorption driver and a low-voltage source for determining the current returned by the electro-absorption driver; and
a processor for subtracting the current drawn by the electro-absorption driver from the current returned by the electro-absorption driver and calculating the optical power by using a transfer function.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the first and second back current detectors each comprise:
a resistor connected in series between the electro-absorption driver and the voltage source;
an analog difference amplifier electrically connected to the resistor for measuring a voltage difference across the resistor;
low pass filters electrically connected in series between the resistor and the analog difference amplifier for filtering out the voltage difference caused by the electronic digital signal from the voltage difference caused by the back current; and
an analog-to-digital converter for digitizing the voltage difference.