Digital self-gated binary counter
View Patent ↗An n-bit counter is formed from cascading counter sub-modules. The counter includes combinatorial control logic coupled to a lower order counter sub-module. The control logic is arranged to clock gate at least one higher order counter sub-module dependent on a logical combination of outputs of the lower order counter sub-module and where the control logic uses pipelining to store at least one previous control logic output for use in determining a later control logic output.
1. An n-bit counter circuit formed from a plurality of cascading counter sub-modules, comprising:
combinatorial control logic coupled to a lower order counter sub-module of the counter circuit, wherein the control logic is arranged to clock gate at least one higher order counter sub-module of the counter circuit dependent on a logical combination of outputs of the lower order counter sub-module, wherein the control logic uses pipelining to store at least one previous control logic output for use in determining a later control logic output; and
at least one clock gating cell coupled between the lower order counter sub-module and the higher order counter sub-module, wherein the clock gating cell controls a clock input of the higher order counter sub-module and comprises,
a latch having an output operatively coupled to a first input of a two input AND gate, wherein the latch is operated by a falling level of a clock signal, and the clock signal is operatively coupled to a second input of the two input AND gate; and
an input to the latch is a logically ANDed output of the lower order counter sub-module.
2. The n-bit counter circuit of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cascading counter sub-modules have a bit depth and the control logic comprises two tiers of logic gates, wherein the first tier of logic gates forms at least one input to a second tier logic gate, the first tier has a fan-in equal to the bit depth of the counter sub-modules, and the second tier has a fan-in of two.
3. The n-bit counter circuit of claim 2 , wherein the first and second tiers of logic gates comprise AND gates.
4. The n-bit counter circuit of claim 1 , wherein the pipelining comprises a flip-flop arranged to store the at least one previous control logic output for use in determining a later combinatorial control logic output dependent on a clock signal.
5. The n-bit counter circuit of claim 1 , wherein the pipelining is operable to ensure a fan-in of a first tier of combinatorial control logic gates is equal to a bit depth of the plurality of cascading counter sub-modules.
6. The n-bit counter circuit of claim 1 , wherein the lower order counter sub-module is operable to count a two least significant bits of the counter circuit and the higher order counter sub-module is operable to count a next two more significant bits of the counter circuit; and
wherein the input to the latch is the logically ANDed output of the lower order counter sub-module and wherein a least significant bit input to an AND gate operably coupled to the output of the lower order counter sub-module is an inverted input.
7. The n-bit counter circuit of claim 1 , wherein each two of the plurality of counter sub-modules have the clock gating cell coupled therebetween.
8. The n-bit counter circuit of claim 1 , wherein the lower order counter sub-module is operable to count a two least significant bits of the counter circuit and the higher order counter sub-module is operable to count a next two more significant bits of the counter circuit.
9. The n-bit counter circuit of claim 1 , wherein the n-bit counter is a higher than 4-bit counter.
10. The n-bit counter circuit of claim 1 , wherein the counter circuit is formed from a plurality of 2-bit counter sub-modules, and the combinatorial control logic is arranged to ensure a maximum fan-in of the combinatorial control logic of 2.
11. The n-bit counter circuit of claim 10 , wherein the combinatorial control logic comprises a first tier of two, 2-input AND gates, and a second tier of a single 2-input AND gate.
12. The n-bit counter circuit of claim 11 , wherein the control logic further comprises a flip-flop operatively coupled between an output of the first tier of logic gates, and an input to the second tier logic gate.
13. The n-bit counter circuit of claim 12 , wherein the flip-flop is clocked by a base clock signal.
14. The n-bit counter circuit of claim 1 , wherein there is a control logic instance per instance of a higher order counter sub-module of the counter circuit.
15. The n-bit counter circuit of claim 1 , wherein the at least one higher order counter sub-module of the counter circuit is the next higher order counter sub-module after the lower order counter sub-module.
16. The n-bit counter circuit of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of cascading counter sub-modules comprises a first, lowest order, counter sub-module followed by a second, higher order, counter sub-module cascaded off the first counter sub-module, and wherein each subsequent counter sub-module cascades off a previous counter sub-module and is a yet higher order counter sub-module.
17. An n-bit counter circuit including an initial 4-bit counter sub-portion, wherein the 4-bit counter sub-portion comprises:
a first 2-bit counter sub-module arranged to count a two least significant output bits Q0 and Q1 of the n-bit counter circuit;
a second 2-bit counter sub-module arranged to count a next two more significant output bits of the n-bit counter circuit, Q2 and Q3; and
combinatorial control logic arranged to control a clock of the second 2-bit counter sub-module dependent on the outputs of the first 2-bit counter sub-module;
wherein the control logic comprises:
an AND gate arranged to determine a logical AND combination of Q1 and Q0; and
a clock gating cell operable to clock gate the second 2-bit counter sub-module.
18. The n-bit counter circuit of claim 17 , wherein the clock gating cell comprises:
a latch having an output operatively coupled to a first input of a two input AND gate, wherein the latch is operated by a falling level of a clock signal, and the clock signal is operatively coupled to a second input of the two input AND gate; and
an input to the latch is a logically ANDed output of the lower order counter sub-module.
19. The n-bit counter circuit of claim 17 , wherein the logical combination of Q1 and Q0 is (Q1 AND /Q0) and the control logic further comprises a pipelining flip-flop arranged to store an output of the AND gate dependent on a base clock signal.