Fuel composition for a diesel engine
The invention is directed to a fuel composition for diesel engines. The fuel composition comprises 0.1-99% by weight of a component or a mixture of components produced from biological raw material originating from plants and/or animals and/or fish. The fuel composition comprises 0-20% of components containing oxygen. Both components are mixed with diesel components based on crude oil and/or fractions from Fischer-Tropsch process.
1. A diesel fuel composition comprising at least one isomerized biological component produced by a process comprising
(1) providing a feed stream of fatty acids having saturated or unsaturated C6-C24 hydrocarbon chains, fatty acid esters having saturated or unsaturated C6-C24 hydrocarbon chains, or both, derived from at least one biological raw material;
(2) hydrodeoxygenating the feed stream to form n-paraffins having carbon numbers in the C6-C24 range; and
(3) isomerizing the n-paraffins to form an isomerized biological component comprising isoparaffins,
wherein the isomerized biological component is suitable for use as a diesel fuel for a diesel engine, has a cetane number higher than 60, a turbidity point lower than −30° C., and is free of aromates.
2. A diesel fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the isomerized biological component has a density less than crude oil based conventional diesel fuel.
3. A diesel fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the isomerized biological component has a density less than rapeseed oil methyl ester based fuel.
4. A diesel fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the biological raw material is chosen from animal-based material, plant-based material, fish-based material and mixtures thereof.
5. A diesel fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the biological raw material is chosen from vegetable oils, animal fats, fish oils, and mixtures thereof.
6. A diesel fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the biological raw material is chosen from animal-based fats, fats contained in milk, recycled fats of the food industry, wood-based fats or oils; non-wood, plant-based fats or oils; fats contained in plants bred by means of gene manipulation; fish oils; and mixtures thereof.
7. A diesel fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the diesel fuel composition leaves no impurity residues.
8. A diesel fuel composition comprising at least one hydrodeoxygenated and isomerized biological component wherein the hydrodeoxygenated and isomerized biological component is suitable for use as a diesel fuel for a diesel engine, has a cetane number higher than 60, a turbidity point lower than −30° C., is free of aromates, and is produced by hydrodeoxygenating and isomerizing a feed stream of fatty acids having saturated or unsaturated C6-C24 hydrocarbon chains, fatty acid esters having saturated or unsaturated C6-C24 hydrocarbon chains, or both, derived from at least one biological raw material.
9. A diesel fuel composition according to claim 8 , wherein the hydrodeoxygenated and isomerized biological component has a density less than crude oil based conventional diesel fuel.
10. A diesel fuel composition according to claim 8 , wherein the hydrodeoxygenated and isomerized biological component has a density less than rapeseed oil methyl ester based fuel.
11. A diesel fuel composition according to claim 8 , wherein the biological raw material is chosen from animal-based material, plant-based material, fish-based material and mixtures thereof.
12. A diesel fuel composition according to claim 8 , wherein the biological raw material is chosen from vegetable oils, animal fats, fish oils, and mixtures thereof.
13. A diesel fuel composition according to claim 8 , wherein the biological raw material is chosen from animal-based fats; fats contained in milk; recycled fats of the food industry; wood-based fats or oils; non-wood, plant-based fats or oils; fats contained in plants bred by means of gene manipulation; fish oils; and mixtures thereof.
14. A diesel fuel composition according to claim 8 , wherein the fuel composition leaves no impurity residues.
15. An isomerized biological component for diesel fuel produced by a process comprising
(1) providing a feed stream of fatty acids having saturated or unsaturated C6-C24 hydrocarbon chains, fatty acid esters having saturated or unsaturated C6-C24 hydrocarbon chains, or both, derived from at least one biological raw material;
(2) hydrodeoxygenating the feed stream to form n-paraffins having carbon numbers in the C6-C24 range; and
(3) isomerizing the n-paraffins to form an isomerized biological component comprising isoparaffins,
wherein the at least one biological raw material is chosen from animal-based material, plant-based material, fish-based material or mixtures thereof,
and wherein the isomerized biological component is suitable for use as a diesel fuel for a diesel engine, has a cetane number higher than 60, a turbidity point lower than −30° C., is free of aromates, has a density less than rapeseed oil methyl ester based fuel, and leaves no impurity residues.
16. An isomerized biological component according to claim 15 , having a density less than crude oil based conventional diesel fuel.
17. An isomerized biological component for diesel fuel produced by a process comprising
(1) providing a feed stream of fatty acids having saturated or unsaturated C6-C24 hydrocarbon chains, fatty acid esters having saturated or unsaturated C6-C24 hydrocarbon chains, or both, derived from at least one biological raw material;
(2) hydrodeoxygenating the feed stream to form n-paraffins having carbon numbers in the C6-C24 range; and
(3) isomerizing the n-paraffins to form an isomerized biological component comprising isoparaffins,
wherein the isomerized biological component is suitable for use as a diesel fuel for a diesel engine has a cetane number higher than 60 and a turbidity point lower than −30° C.
18. An isomerized biological component according to claim 17 , wherein the isomerized biological component is free of aromates.
19. An isomerized biological component according to claim 17 , wherein the isomerized biological component has a density less than crude oil based conventional diesel fuel.
20. An isomerized biological component according to claim 17 , wherein the isomerized biological component has a density less than rapeseed oil methyl ester based fuel.
21. An isomerized biological component according to claim 17 , wherein the biological raw material is chosen from animal-based material, plant-based material, fish-based material and mixtures thereof.
22. An isomerized biological component according to claim 17 , wherein the biological raw material is chosen from vegetable oils, animal fats, fish oils, and mixtures thereof.
23. An isomerized biological component according to claim 17 , wherein the biological raw material is chosen from animal-based fats; fats contained in milk; recycled fats of the food industry; wood-based fats or oils; non-wood, plant-based fats or oils; fats contained in plants bred by means of gene manipulation; fish oils; and mixtures thereof.
24. An isomerized biological component according to claim 17 , wherein the isomerized biological component leaves no impurity residues.
25. A diesel fuel composition according to claim 1 , comprising a measurable amount of 14 C.
26. A diesel fuel composition according to claim 8 , comprising a measurable amount of 14 C.
27. An isomerized biological component according to claim 15 , comprising a measurable amount of 14 C.
28. An isomerized biological component according to claim 17 , comprising a measurable amount of 14 C.