Multi plasmid system for the production of influenza virus
Vectors and methods for the production of influenza viruses suitable as recombinant influenza vaccines in cell culture are provided. Bi-directional expression vectors for use in a multi-plasmid influenza virus expression system are provided. Additionally, the invention provides methods of producing influenza viruses with enhanced ability to replicate in embryonated chicken eggs and/or cells (e.g., Vero and/or MDCK) and further provides influenza viruses with enhanced replication characteristics. A method of producing a cold adapted (ca) influenza virus that replicates efficiently at, e.g., 25° C. (and immunogenic compositions comprising the same) is also provided.
1. An isolated reassortant influenza B virus, comprising:
a NP polypeptide comprising a threonine at position 55, an alanine at position 114, a histidine at position 410, and a threonine at position 509;
a PA polypeptide comprising a methionine at position 431; and
a PB2 polypeptide comprising an arginine at position 630; wherein:
the isolated reassortant influenza B virus has a temperature sensitive phenotype and a cold-adapted phenotype, and
the positions in the NP polypeptide, the PA polypeptide and the PB2 polypeptide correspond to positions in full-length NP, PA and PB2 polypeptides of B/Ann Arbor/1/66.
2. The isolated reassortant influenza B virus of claim 1 , wherein the PA polypeptide comprises a tyrosine at position 497.
3. The isolated reassortant influenza B virus of claim 1 , which is a 6:2 reassortant influenza B virus.
4. The isolated reassortant influenza B virus of claim 2 , which is a 6:2 reassortant influenza B virus.
5. The isolated reassortant influenza B virus of claim 1 , wherein the titer of the virus grown in cell culture at 33 degrees Celsius is at least 2 log 10 greater compared to the same virus grown at 37 degrees Celsius.
6. The isolated reassortant influenza B virus of claim 2 , wherein the titer of the virus grown in cell culture at 33 degrees Celsius is at least 2 log 10 greater compared to the same virus grown at 37 degrees Celsius.
7. The isolated reassortant influenza B virus of claim 1 , wherein the isolated reassortant influenza B virus is derived from a B/Ann Arbor/1/66 strain.
8. The isolated reassortant influenza B virus of claim 2 , wherein the isolated reassortant influenza B virus is derived from a B/Ann Arbor/1/66 strain.
9. The isolated reassortant influenza B virus of claim 1 , wherein the difference between the titer of the virus grown in cell culture at 25 degrees Celsius and the titer of the virus grown in cell culture at 33 degrees Celsius is less than a 2 log 10 difference.
10. The isolated reassortant influenza B virus of claim 2 , wherein the difference between the titer of the virus grown in cell culture at 25 degrees Celsius and the titer of the virus grown in cell culture at 33 degrees Celsius is less than a 2 log 10 difference.
11. An immunogenic composition comprising the isolated reassortant influenza B virus of claim 1 .
12. An immunogenic composition comprising the isolated reassortant influenza B virus of claim 2 .
13. A method for stimulating an immune response, which comprises administering the immunogenic composition of claim 11 .
14. A method for stimulating an immune response, which comprises administering the immunogenic composition of claim 12 .
15. A method for making a reassortant influenza B virus, comprising:
(a) introducing mutations in an influenza B virus genome that result in (i) a NP polypeptide comprising a threonine at position 55, an alanine at position 114, a histidine at position 410, and a threonine at position 509; (ii) a PA polypeptide comprising a methionine at position 431; and (iii) a PB2 polypeptide comprising an arginine at position 630;
(b) introducing a plurality of vectors into a population of cultured host cells, wherein the plurality of vectors corresponds to the influenza B virus genome and the plurality of vectors comprises the mutations recited in (a);
(c) culturing the population of host cells; and
(d) recovering the reassortant influenza B virus produced by the host cells of step (c), wherein:
the reassortant influenza B virus has a temperature sensitive phenotype and a cold-adapted phenotype, and
the positions in the NP polypeptide, the PA polypeptide and the PB2 polypeptide correspond to positions in full-length NP, PA and PB2 polypeptides of B/Ann Arbor/1/66.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the PA polypeptide comprises a tyrosine at position 497.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the influenza B virus produced by the host cells is a 6:2 reassortant influenza B virus.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the titer of the reassortant influenza B virus grown in cell culture at 33 degrees Celsius is at least 2 log 10 greater compared to the same influenza B virus grown at 37 degrees Celsius.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the difference between the titer of the virus grown in cell culture at 25 degrees Celsius and the titer of the virus grown in cell culture at 33 degrees Celsius is less than a 2 log 10 difference.
20. The method of claim 15 , wherein the reassortant influenza B virus is derived from a B/Ann Arbor/1/66 strain.
21. The method of claim 15 , further comprising amplifying the reassortant influenza B virus of step (d) by passage in cultured cells or in hens' eggs.