Method for positioning spacers in pitch multiplication
Multiple pitch-multiplied spacers are used to form mask patterns having features with exceptionally small critical dimensions. One of each pair of spacers formed mandrels is removed and alternating layers, formed of two mutually selectively etchable materials, are deposited around the remaining spacers. Layers formed of one of the materials are then etched, leaving behind vertically-extending layers formed of the other of the materials, which form a mask pattern. Alternatively, instead of depositing alternating layers, amorphous carbon is deposited around the remaining spacers followed by a plurality of cycles of forming pairs of spacers on the amorphous carbon, removing one of the pairs of spacers and depositing an amorphous carbon layer. The cycles can be repeated to form the desired pattern. Because the critical dimensions of some features in the pattern can be set by controlling the width of the spaces between spacers, exceptionally small mask features can be formed.
1. A method for forming an integrated circuit, comprising:
forming a first plurality of mandrels on a first level over a substrate;
forming a first plurality of spacers on sidewalls of the first plurality of mandrels;
forming a second plurality of mandrels on a second level over the first level;
forming a second plurality of spacers on the sidewalls of the second plurality of mandrels, the second plurality of spacers elongated generally parallel to the first plurality of spacers;
selectively etching portions of material between spacers of each of the first and the second pluralities of spacers to form a pattern defined by spacers of the first and the second pluralities of spacers; and
transferring the pattern to the substrate, wherein transferring the pattern to the substrate comprises:
transferring the pattern to an amorphous carbon layer; and
subsequently etching the pattern into the substrate.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the first plurality of mandrels comprises patterning a carbon-containing layer to define the first plurality of mandrels in the carbon-containing layer.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the carbon-containing layer is formed of amorphous carbon.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the first plurality of spacers comprises:
blanket depositing a layer of spacer material on the first plurality of mandrels; and
anisotropically etching the layer of spacer material to define the first plurality of spacers.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein forming the second plurality of mandrels comprises:
depositing a planarization layer around the first plurality of spacers;
depositing a carbon-containing layer on the planarization layer; and
patterning the carbon-containing layer to define the second plurality of mandrels.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein forming the second plurality of spacers comprises:
blanket depositing a layer of spacer material on the second plurality of mandrels; and
anisotropically etching the layer of spacer material to define the second plurality of spacers.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising selectively removing alternating ones of the second plurality of spacers.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein selectively etching portions of material between spacers comprises:
selectively removing the second plurality of mandrels, thereby exposing portions of the material between spacers of the first plurality of spacers; and
anisotropically etching the exposed portions of the material between spacers of the first plurality of spacers.
9. A method for forming an integrated circuit, comprising:
sequentially forming spacers on first and second levels, the spacers on the first level elongated generally parallel to the spacers on the second level;
selectively removing material between the spacers of the first and second levels to form a pattern defined by the spacers on the first and second levels, wherein the material comprises amorphous carbon; and
transferring the pattern to a substrate.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising forming spacers on a third level above the first and second levels.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein sequentially forming spacers on the first and second levels comprises:
forming free-standing spacers on the first level;
depositing a planarization layer around the free-standing spacers on the first level; and
forming the spacers of the second level over the planarization layer.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein transferring the pattern to the substrate comprises:
etching the pattern into a hardmask layer;
subsequently removing the spacers on the first and second levels; and
patterning the substrate through the hardmask layer.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein selectively removing comprises:
etching exposed material between the spacers on the second level to expose material between spacers on the first level; and
etching the exposed material separating the spacers on the first level.
14. A method for forming an integrated circuit, comprising:
forming a mask comprising a pattern, the mask comprising:
spacers on an upper level;
trimming the spacers on the upper level; and
spacers on a lower level, the spacers on the lower and upper levels elongated in a same direction; and
etching the pattern into a substrate.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein forming the mask comprises forming the spacers on the upper level laterally off-set from the spacers on the lower level.
16. The method of claim 14 wherein trimming the spacers on the upper level comprises performing an isotropic etch.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein forming the mask comprises:
transferring the pattern to a hard mask layer underlying the lower level; and
subsequently removing the mask,
wherein etching the pattern into the substrate comprises etching the substrate through the mask.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein etching the pattern into a substrate comprises etching a semiconductor material.
19. A method for forming an integrated circuit, comprising:
forming a first plurality of mandrels on a first level over a substrate, wherein forming the first plurality of mandrels comprises patterning a carbon-containing layer to define the first plurality of mandrels in the carbon-containing layer, wherein the carbon-containing layer is formed of amorphous carbon;
forming a first plurality of spacers on sidewalls of the first plurality of mandrels;
forming a second plurality of mandrels on a second level over the first level;
forming a second plurality of spacers on the sidewalls of the second plurality of mandrels, the second plurality of spacers elongated generally parallel to the first plurality of spacers;
selectively etching portions of material between spacers of each of the first and the second pluralities of spacers to form a pattern defined by spacers of the first and the second pluralities of spacers; and
transferring the pattern to the substrate.