Compositional variations of tungsten tetraboride with transition metals and light elements
A composition includes tungsten (W); at least one element selected form the group of elements consisting of boron (B), beryllium (Be) and silicon (Si); and at least one element selected from the group of elements consisting of titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), ruthenium (Ru), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), lithium (Li) and aluminum (Al). The composition satisfies the formula W 1-x M x X y wherein X is one of B, Be and Si; M is at least one of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Hf, Ta, Re, Os, Ir, Li and Al; x is at least 0.001 and less than 0.999; and y is at least 4.0. A tool is made from or coated with this composition.
1. A composition, comprising:
tungsten (W);
at least one element selected from the group of elements consisting of boron (B), beryllium (Be) and silicon (Si); and
at least one element selected from the group of elements consisting of titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), ruthenium (Ru), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), lithium (Li) and aluminum (Al),
wherein said composition satisfies the formula
W 1-x M x X y
wherein X is B,
wherein M is at least one of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Hf, Ta, Os, Ir, Li and Al,
wherein x is at least 0.001 and less than 0.999,
wherein y is about 4.0, and
wherein the composition is a crystalline solid characterized by at least one X-ray diffraction pattern reflection at 2 theta=24.2±0.2.
2. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein M is one of Ta, Mn, Cr, Ta and Mn, or Ta and Cr.
3. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein x is at least 0.001 and less than 0.6.
4. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein M is Ta, and x is at least 0.001 and less than 0.05.
5. A composition according to claim 4 , wherein x is about 0.02.
6. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein M is Mn, and x is at least 0.001 and less than 0.4.
7. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein M is Cr, and x is at least 0.001 and less than 0.6.
8. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein M is Ta and Cr.
9. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein M is Ta and Cr, and x is from 0.02 to 0.1.
10. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the crystalline solid is further characterized by at least one X-ray diffraction pattern reflection at 2 theta=34.5±0.2 or 45.1±0.2.
11. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the crystalline solid is further characterized by at least one X-ray diffraction pattern reflection at 2 theta=28.1±0.2, 42.5±0.2, or 55.9±0.2.
12. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the crystalline solid is further characterized by at least one X-ray diffraction pattern reflection at 2 theta=47.5±0.2, 61.8±0.2, 69.2±0.2, 69.4±0.2, 79.7±0.2, 89.9±0.2, or 110.2±0.2.
13. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the crystalline solid is further characterized by at least two X-ray diffraction pattern reflections at 2 theta=28.1±0.2, 34.5±0.2, 42.5±0.2, 45.1±0.2, 47.5±0.2, 55.9±0.2, 61.8±0.2, 69.2±0.2, 69.4±0.2, 79.7±0.2, 89.9±0.2, or 110.2±0.2.
14. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the crystalline solid is further characterized by at least five X-ray diffraction pattern reflections at 2 theta=28.1±0.2, 34.5±0.2, 42.5±0.2, 45.1±0.2, 47.5±0.2, 55.9±0.2, 61.8±0.2, 69.2±0.2, 69.4±0.2, 79.7±0.2, 89.9±0.2, or 110.2±0.2.