Multiplexed proximity ligation assay
The present invention provides a method for detecting interactions between or with any two of at least three target substrates, or any two of at least three features of a target substrate, or a combination of interactions and features of target substrates, by a multiplexed proximity ligation assay, said method comprising: a) for each of the at least three target substrates or features, providing a proximity probe comprising a binding moiety with affinity for the feature or binding site on said substrate, and a proximity probe oligonucleotide coupled on the binding moiety; wherein each of the proximity probe oligonucleotide carries a unique tag sequence; b) mixing the proximity probes with a sample, under a condition to allow binding of each proximity probe to its respective binding site or feature on each of said substrates through the binding moiety, c) simultaneous with, or following step b), forming circularized DNA molecules where any two proximity probes bind sufficiently close to each other on the substrate, wherein each of the circularized DNA molecules comprise complementary sequences to the unique tag sequences from the two proximity probes oligo-nucleotides; d) amplifying the circularized DNA; and e) characterizing the amplified DNA.
1. A method for detecting interactions between or with any two of at least three target substrates, or any two of at least three features of a target substrate, or a combination of interactions and features of target substrates, by a multiplexed proximity ligation assay, said method comprising:
a) for each of the at least three target substrates or features, providing a proximity probe comprising a binding moiety with affinity for the feature or a binding site on said substrate, and a proximity probe oligonucleotide coupled on the binding moiety, wherein each of the proximity probe oligonucleotides carries a unique tag sequence;
b) mixing the proximity probes with a sample under a condition to allow binding of each proximity probe to its respective binding site or feature through the binding moiety,
c) simultaneous with, or following step b), forming respective circularized DNA molecules where any two proximity probes bind sufficiently close to each other, wherein each of the circularized DNA molecules comprises complementary sequences to the unique tag sequences from the oligonucleotides of the two proximity probes forming the circularized DNA molecule;
d) amplifying each circularized DNA molecule; and
e) for each amplified DNA, detecting the respective combination of the two unique tag sequences in the amplified DNA, the detected respective combination of two unique tag sequences indicating the two target substrates and/or features to which the two proximity probes forming the respective circularized DNA molecule bound in step (b).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the unique tag sequence of each proximity probe oligonucleotide is flanked by sequences which are identical for all the proximity probe oligonucleotides.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the binding moieties are selected from a monoclonal or polyclonal antibody, a protein other than a monoclonal or polyclonal antibody, lectin, soluble cell surface receptor, combinatorially derived protein from phage display or ribosome display, peptide, carbohydrate, aptamer, a nucleic acid other than an aptamer, or combinations thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the binding moieties are antibodies and said antibodies each bind to said substrate via one or two further antibodies having binding specificity for the substrate, and wherein the binding moieties are directed against the Fc portion or conjugated haptens of the one or two further antibodies.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the circularized DNA is amplified by isothermal amplification.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the circularized DNA is amplified by rolling circle amplification.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said amplification is performed using Phi29 DNA polymerase.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the circularized DNA is amplified by PCR.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the circularized DNA is formed by a method comprising:
(i) providing an oligonucleotide complementary to the unique tag sequence for each of the proximity probe oligonucleotides;
(ii) providing two connector oligonucleotides, each carrying sequences at its ends which are complementary to sequences of the proximity probe oligonucleotides outside of the unique tag sequence;
(iii) mixing the oligonucleotides from step (i) and (ii) with the reaction mixture of step b) under conditions to allow hybridization of the oligonucleotides from (i) and (ii) with the proximity probe oligonucleotides; and
(iv) filling in any gaps and ligating the oligonucleotides.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the circularized DNA is formed by a method comprising:
(i) providing an oligonucleotide complementary to the unique tag sequence for each of the proximity probe oligonucleotides;
(ii) mixing the oligonucleotides from step (i) with the reaction mixture of step b) under conditions to allow hybridization of the oligonucleotides from (i) with the proximity probe oligonucleotides;
(iii) providing two connector oligonucleotides, each carrying sequences at its ends which are complementary to the sequences of the proximity probe oligonucleotides outside of the unique tag sequence;
(iv) mixing the oligonucleotides from step (iii) with the reaction mixture of step ii) under conditions to allow hybridization of the oligonucleotides from (iii) with the proximity probe oligonucleotides; and
(v) filling in any gaps and ligating the oligonucleotides.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the circularized DNA is formed by a method comprising:
(i) providing two connector oligonucleotides, each carrying an internal domain having a nucleotide sequence complementary to the unique tag sequence for each of the proximity probe oligonucleotides, wherein said connector oligonucleotides each comprise a detection tag sequence;
(ii) providing two bridging oligonucleotides, each carrying sequences which are complementary to and capable of hybridising to one of each of the respective ends of the two connector oligonucleotides; and
(iii) mixing the oligonucleotides of (i) and (ii) with the reaction mixture of step (b) under conditions which allow hybridisation of the connector oligonucleotides of (i) to the proximity probe oligonucleotides and the bridging oligonucleotides of (ii) to the connector oligonucleotides, such that the respective ends of the two connector oligonucleotides are brought into juxtaposition for ligation, directly or indirectly, to one another; and
(iv) if necessary, filling in any gaps between the hybridised connector ends, and ligating the oligonucleotides.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein each detection tag sequence is capable of identifying the respective connector oligonucleotide, and wherein the unique tag sequences are detected by means of the detection tags of the connector oligonucleotides.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein detection oligonucleotides are included and each hybridizes to a complement in the amplified product of a respective detection tag sequence of a connector oligonucleotide.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein step e) comprises
(i) providing a distinctively labeled detection oligonucleotide complementary to each unique tag sequence;
(ii) pooling the labeled detection oligonucleotides for all the target substrates or features and hybridizing the detection oligonucleotides with the amplified products; and
(iii) for each amplified DNA, detecting the labels of the hybridized detection oligonucleotides to thereby detect the respective combination of the two unique tag sequences.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein said detection oligonucleotides are fluorescently labeled and the detection is performed by fluorescence read-out.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein said detecting step is performed by taking multiple scans/images at different excitation wavelength/emission filter combinations.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein said detecting step is performed by multi-spectral imaging by recoding complete emission spectra in each pixel.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein step e) comprises
(i) for each combination of proximity probe pairs, providing a single detection oligonucleotide complementary to both unique tag sequences in the amplified DNA product;
(ii) labeling each type of detection oligonucleotide with a distinctive label,
(iii) pooling the labeled detection oligonucleotides for all the combinations of proximity probe pairs and hybridizing the detection oligonucleotides with the amplified products; and
(iv) for each amplified DNA, detecting the label of the hybridized detection oligonucleotide to thereby detect the respective combination of the two unique tag sequences.
19. The method of claim 13 wherein the detection oligonucleotides are labeled.
20. The method of claim 13 wherein the detection oligonucleotides are fluorescently-labeled.
21. The method of claim 11 , wherein step e) comprises
(i) providing a distinctively labeled detection oligonucleotide complementary to each unique tag sequence or to a complement of each detection tag sequence;
(ii) pooling the labeled detection oligonucleotides for all the target substrates or features and hybridizing the detection oligonucleotides with the amplified products; and
(iii) for each amplified DNA, detecting the labels of the hybridized detection oligonucleotides to thereby detect the respective combination of the two unique tag sequences.