Three-dimensional semiconductor devices and methods of fabricating the same

1. A three-dimensional semiconductor device, comprising:

a memory cell array including memory cells that are arranged three-dimensionally, the memory cell array including a left side opposite a right side, and a top side opposite a bottom side in a plan view;

at least one word line decoder adjacent to at least one of the left and right sides of the memory cell array;

a page buffer adjacent to the bottom side of the memory cell array;

a string selection line decoder adjacent to one of the top and bottom sides of the memory cell array;

a plurality of string selection lines crossing the memory cell array and connected to the string selection decoder; and

a plurality of bit lines crossing the memory cell array and connected to the page buffer, each one of the bit lines extending between an adjacent pair of the plurality of string selection lines.

2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:

a plurality of word lines crossing the memory cell array; and

a plurality of ground selection lines crossing the memory cell array, wherein

the at least one word line decoder includes a first word line decoder adjacent to the left side of the memory cell array and a second word line decoder adjacent to the right side of the memory cell array,

the first and second word line decoders face each other, and

the plurality of word lines and ground selection lines are connected to the first and second word line decoders.

3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the string selection line decoder is between the memory cell array and the page buffer.

4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the memory cell array is between the string selection line decoder and the page buffer.

5. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:

a plurality of word lines crossing the memory cell array and connected to a corresponding one of the at least one the word line decoder,

wherein the plurality of bit lines and the plurality of string selection lines cross the plurality of word lines.

6. The device of claim 5 , further comprising:

active patterns having a multi-column structure with a plurality of layers; and

bit line contact plugs connecting each of the bit lines electrically to a corresponding one of the layers of the active patterns,

wherein the bit line contact plugs are substantially a same distance from one of the plurality of word lines.

7. The device of claim 5 , wherein

the memory cell array includes active patterns including a multi-layered and a multi-column structure;

the word lines cross the active patterns and have a multi-column structure; and

the memory cell array includes a charge storing layer between the active patterns and the word lines.

8. The device of claim 7 , wherein

each of the active patterns is a semiconductor pattern, whose longitudinal axis is parallel to a substrate, and

each of the word lines comprises vertical gates between the active patterns and a horizontal line connecting the vertical gates.

9. The device of claim 7 , wherein

each of the plurality of bit lines is electrically connected to a corresponding layer in a corresponding one of the active patterns, and

each of the string selection lines is configured to control electric connections between the plurality of bit lines and a corresponding column in one of the active patterns.

10. The device of claim 7 , further comprising,

low resistance layers connected to the layers, respectively, of the plurality of active patterns; and

bit line contact plugs connecting each of the bit lines electrically to a corresponding one of the low resistance layers,

wherein a resistivity of the low resistance layers is lower than a resistivity of the plurality of active patterns.

11. The device of claim 10 , wherein

an adjacent pair of the plurality of blocks share one of the low resistance layers, and

at least one replacement opening vertically penetrates the low resistance layers.

12. A three-dimensional semiconductor device, comprising:

a memory cell array including memory cells that are arranged three-dimensionally, the memory cell array including a left side opposite a right side, and a top side opposite a bottom side in a plan view, the memory cell array includes active patterns, the active patterns have a multi-layered and a multi-column structure;

at least one word line decoder adjacent to at least one of the left and right sides of the memory cell array;

a page buffer adjacent to the bottom side of the memory cell array;

a string selection line decoder adjacent to one of the top and bottom sides of the memory cell array;

a plurality of string selection lines crossing the memory cell array and connected to the string selection line decoder; and

a plurality of word lines crossing the memory cell array and connected to a corresponding one of the at least one the word line decoder;

a plurality of bit lines crossing the memory cell array and connected to the page buffer, the plurality of bit lines and the plurality of string selection lines crossing the plurality of word lines, the memory cell array including a plurality of blocks arranged along a longitudinal direction of the plurality of the bit lines, and each of the plurality of blocks including a plurality of sectors arranged along a longitudinal direction of the plurality of word lines, and

a plurality of bit line contact plugs, each being configured to connect one of the plurality of bit lines electrically to a corresponding one of the layers in a corresponding one of the active patterns, wherein

an adjacent pair of the plurality of blocks share some of the plurality of bit line contact plugs, or

an adjacent pair of the plurality of blocks are connected to the plurality of bit lines through different bit line contact plugs among the plurality of bit line contact plugs.

13. The device of claim 12 , wherein

the memory cell array comprises block selection lines in the plurality of blocks, respectively, and

the block selection lines are configured to control electric connections between the plurality of bit lines and block units of the memory cells.

14. The device of claim 12 , wherein

in each of the plurality of blocks, the active patterns of two different sectors of the plurality of sectors are separated from each other in the longitudinal direction of the plurality of word lines.

15. The device of claim 12 ,

wherein the adjacent pair of the plurality of blocks share some of the plurality of bit line contact plugs.

16. The device of claim 15 , wherein a number of the plurality of bit line contact plugs in each of the plurality of sectors is half a number of the layers in the plurality of active patterns in each of the plurality of sectors.

17. The device of claim 12 ,

wherein the adjacent pair of the plurality of blocks are connected to the plurality of bit lines through different bit line contact plugs among the plurality of bit line contact plugs.

18. The device of claim 17 , wherein a number of the plurality of bit line contact plugs is equal to a number of the layers in the plurality of active patterns in each of the plurality of sectors.

19. A three-dimensional semiconductor device, comprising:

a memory cell array including memory cells that are stacked on top of each other, the memory cell array including a left side opposite a right side, and a top side opposite a bottom side in a plan view;

at least one word line decoder adjacent to at least one of the left and right sides of the memory cell array;

a page buffer adjacent to one of the bottom and top sides of the memory cell array;

a string selection line decoder adjacent to one of,

the one of the bottom and top sides of the memory cell array, or

a different one of the bottom and top sides of the memory cell array;

a plurality of string selection lines crossing the memory cell array and connected to the string selection line decoder; and

a plurality of bit lines crossing the memory cell array and connected to the page buffer, each one of the bit lines extending between an adjacent pair of the plurality of string selection lines.

20. The device of claim 19 , further comprising:

a plurality of string selection gates;

a plurality of word lines crossing the memory cell array and connected to the at least one word line decoder, wherein

each of the plurality of string selection lines crosses the memory cell array in a direction parallel to the plurality of bit lines,

block units of the memory cell array include a plurality of active pattern layers stacked vertically on top of each other,

each one of the plurality of active pattern layers includes columns that extend in the direction parallel to the plurality of bit lines and define spaces between the columns,

each one of the word lines includes a plurality of vertical portions that extend vertically through the spaces between the columns in the plurality of active pattern layers, and

each one of the string selection gates is configured to control a connection between one of the plurality of bit lines and one of the columns in one of the plurality of active pattern layers.

21. The memory device of claim 20 , further comprising:

a plurality of bit line contact plugs, wherein

each one of the plurality of bit line contact plugs is configured to connect one of the plurality of bit lines to a corresponding one of the active pattern layers.

22. The memory device of claim 21 , wherein an adjacent pair of block units in the memory cell array share some of the plurality of bit line contact plugs in common.

23. The memory device of claim 19 , further comprising:

a plurality of word lines crossing the memory cell array; and

a plurality of ground selection lines crossing the memory cell array, wherein

the at least one word line decoder includes a first word line decoder adjacent to the left side of the memory cell array and a second word line decoder adjacent to the right side of the memory cell array,

the first and second word line decoders face each other, and

the plurality of word lines and ground selection lines are connected to the first and second word line decoders.