Methods to incorporate silver nanowire-based transparent conductors in electronic devices
Disclosed herein are optical stacks that are stable to light exposure by incorporating light-stabilizers and/or oxygen barriers.
1. An optical stack, comprising: a substrate;
a nanostructure layer having a plurality of silver nanostructures; one or more photo-stabilizers comprising benzothiazole; an edge seal laterally co-planar with the nanostructure layer; and a barrier film, wherein: the nanostructure layer is disposed between the substrate and the barrier film, a layer comprising the benzothiazole is formed according to a method comprising: applying a solution comprising the benzothiazole to the layer; at least partially drying the solution on the layer; and rinsing the layer using methanol after the solution is at least partially dry, and the layer comprises at least one of the nanostructure layer, the barrier film, or any other layer of the optical stack in which the one or more photo-stabilizers are incorporated.
2. The optical stack of claim 1 , further comprising an undercoat layer disposed between the substrate and the nanostructure layer and being in contact with the nanostructure layer, and wherein the one or more photo-stabilizers are incorporated in the undercoat layer.
3. The optical stack of claim 1 , further comprising an overcoat layer disposed on and in contact with the nanostructure layer, and wherein the one or more photo-stabilizers are incorporated in the overcoat layer.
4. The optical stack of claim 1 , further comprising an optically clear adhesive (OCA) layer in contact with the nanostructure layer, wherein the one or more photo-stabilizers are incorporated in the OCA layer.
5. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein the one or more photo-stabilizers further comprise an alkene, a terpene, a tetrazole, a triazole, a hindered phenol, a phosphine, a thioether, a metallic photo-desensitizer, or a combination thereof.
6. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein:
the one or more photo-stabilizers further comprise a hindered phenol, and
the hindered phenol comprises phenol derivatives having bulky substituents in proximity of a hydroxyl group.
7. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein:
the one or more photo-stabilizers further comprise a hindered phenol, and
the hindered phenol comprises butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA), alkyl gallate, tertiary-butylatedhydroquinone (TBHQ), or vitamin E.
8. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein:
the one or more photo-stabilizers further comprise a tetrazole, and
the tetrazole comprises substituents including thiol (SH), alkyl, phenyl, thio (═S), or an azo group, or the tetrazole is fused with a phenyl ring, a pyridine ring, or a pyrimidine ring.
9. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein:
the one or more photo-stabilizers further comprise a triazole, and
the triazole comprises substituents including thiol (SH), alkyl, phenyl, thio (═S), or an azo group, or the triazole is fused with a phenyl ring, a pyridine ring, or a pyrimidine ring.
10. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein:
the one or more photo-stabilizers further comprise a phosphine, and
the phosphine comprises triphenyl phosphine.
11. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein:
the one or more photo-stabilizers further comprise a metallic photo-desensitizer, and
the metallic photo-desensitizer comprises rhodium salt, zinc salt, or cadmium salt.
12. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein the one or more photo-stabilizers further comprise terpineol, limonene, sodium ascorbate, or a combination thereof.
13. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein the one or more photo-stabilizers further comprise thiols, hydrazines and sulfites.
14. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein:
the substrate and the nanostructure layer have an interface,
the interface and a vertical, planar edge of the optical stack defined at least in part by the substrate and the nanostructure layer have an intersection, and
the intersection is concealed by the edge seal.
15. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein:
the optical stack comprises two substacks,
the nanostructure layer is disposed on an interface between the two substacks, and
an end of the interface is concealed by the edge seal.
16. An optical stack, comprising: a substrate;
a nanostructure layer having a plurality of silver nanostructures; one or more photo-stabilizers comprising benzothiazole; wherein: a layer comprising the benzothiazole is formed according to the method comprising: applying a solution comprising the benzothiazole to the layer; at least partially drying the solution on the layer; and rinsing the layer using methanol after the solution is at least partially dry, and the layer comprises at least one of the nanostructure layer, the barrier film, or any other layer of the optical stack in which the one or more photo-stabilizers are incorporated.
17. The optical stack of claim 16 , further comprising at least one of;
an undercoat layer disposed between the substrate and the nanostructure layer and being in contact with the nanostructure layer, and wherein the one or more photo-stabilizers are incorporated in the undercoat layer;
an overcoat layer disposed on and in contact with the nanostructure layer, and wherein the one or more photo-stabilizers are incorporated in the overcoat layer; or
an optically clear adhesive (OCA) layer in contact with the nanostructure layer, wherein the one or more photo-stabilizers are incorporated in the OCA layer.
18. An optical stack, comprising: a substrate;
a nanostructure layer having a plurality of silver nanostructures; one or more photo-stabilizers comprising benzothiazole; wherein: a layer comprising the benzothiazole is formed according to the method comprising: applying a solution comprising the benzothiazole to the layer; at least partially drying the solution on the layer; and wiping the layer using methanol after the solution is at least partially dry, and the layer comprises at least one of the nanostructure layer, the barrier film, or any other layer of the optical stack in which the one or more photo-stabilizers are incorporated.
19. The optical stack of claim 18 , further comprising:
an undercoat layer disposed between the substrate and the nanostructure layer and being in contact with the nanostructure layer, and wherein the one or more photo-stabilizers are incorporated in the undercoat layer.
20. The optical stack of claim 18 , further comprising:
an overcoat layer disposed on and in contact with the nanostructure layer, and wherein the one or more photo-stabilizers are incorporated in the overcoat layer.
21. The optical stack of claim 18 , further comprising:
an optically clear adhesive (OCA) layer in contact with the nanostructure layer, wherein the one or more photo-stabilizers are incorporated in the OCA layer.
22. The optical stack of claim 18 , further comprising:
an edge seal laterally co-planar with the nanostructure layer; and
a barrier film, wherein the nanostructure layer is disposed between the substrate and the barrier film.