Method of determining types I, II, III, IV or V or methicillin-resistant
Disclosed are diagnostic methods for determining a subtype of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a biological sample of a mammal. Methods include providing a biological sample of the mammal, performing a PCR analysis of the biological sample, and analyzing the PCR amplicons with respect to their sizes so as to determine for type I, type II, type III, type IV or type V MRSA that may be present in the biological sample. Further example embodiments include using at least one mecA primer pair and/or using at least one Staphylococcus aureus nuc primer pair in the PCR analysis. Further disclosed are methods for screening populations for MRSA, and methods of treating a mammal testing positive for Type IV MRSA. Also disclosed are kits for determining a MRSA subtype in a mammal and isolated primers that may be used in the present methods and kits.
1. A method of determining the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a human sample, comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a sample obtained from a human suspected of having a type of MRSA;
(b) performing a multiplex PCR analysis of said biological sample, using:
i. a first primer pair comprising a forward primer 5′UTR 3 (SEQ ID NO: 3) and a reverse primer mec124b (SEQ ID NO: 8),
ii. a second primer pair comprising a forward primer 5′UTR 3 (SEQ ID NO: 3) and a reverse primer mec3b (SEQ ID NO: 11), and
iii. a third primer pair specific for SCCmec type IV, comprising a forward primer ccrAB-F1 (SEQ ID NO: 14) and a reverse primer ccrAB-R1 (SEQ ID NO: 18),
wherein the PCR analysis provides a plurality of amplicons having different sizes;
(c) determining the presence of type I, type II, type III or type IV MRSA present in said sample from said different sizes of said plurality of amplicons; and
(d) administering an effective amount of a non β-lactam antibiotic to said human, when said sample is determined to contain type I, type II, type III or type IV MRSA.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said non β-lactam antibiotic comprises at least one antibiotic selected from the group consisting of glycopeptides, linizolid and daptomycin.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the at least one antibiotic comprises at least one of vancomycin, teichoplanin, telavancin, ramoplanin, and decaplanin.
4. A method of determining the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a human sample, comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a sample obtained from a human suspected of having a type MRSA;
(b) performing a multiplex PCR analysis of said biological sample, using:
i. a first primer pair comprising a forward primer 5′UTR 3 (SEQ ID NO: 3) and a reverse primer mec124b (SEQ ID NO: 8),
ii. a second primer pair comprising a forward primer 5′UTR 3 (SEQ ID NO: 3) and a reverse primer mec3b (SEQ ID NO: 11), and
iii. a third primer pair specific for SCCmec type IV, comprising a forward primer ccrAB-F1 (SEQ ID NO: 14) and a reverse primer ccrAB-R1 (SEQ ID NO: 18),
wherein the PCR analysis provides a plurality of amplicons having different sizes,
(c) determining the presence of type I, type II, type III, or type IV MRSA present in said sample from said different sizes of said plurality of amplicons; and
(d) determining the presence of mecA2 gene in said type I, type II, type III or type IV MRSA, using a mecA2 primer pair comprising a forward primer (SEQ ID NO: 24) and a reverse primer (SEQ ID NO: 25),
wherein the presence of said mecA2 gene renders the β-lactam resistance to said type I, type II, type III or type IV MRSA,
(e) administering an effective amount of a non β-lactam antibiotic to said human when said sample is determined to contain type IV MRSA.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said non β-lactam antibiotic comprises at least one antibiotic selected from the group consisting of glycopeptides, linizolid and daptomycin.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the at least one antibiotic comprises at least one of vancomycin, teichoplanin, telavancin, ramoplanin and decaplanin.