Wafer scale thermoelectric energy harvester
An integrated circuit may include a substrate and a dielectric layer formed over the substrate. A plurality of p-type thermoelectric elements and a plurality of n-type thermoelectric elements may be disposed within the dielectric layer. The p-type thermoelectric elements and the n-type thermoelectric elements may be connected in series while alternating between the p-type and the n-type thermoelectric elements.
1. A thermoelectric harvester, comprising:
a pair of layers;
a plurality of thermoelectric elements disposed within a space between the layers; and
one or more dummy structures surrounding the plurality of thermoelectric elements, wherein:
the thermoelectric elements are electrically coupled together in series in alternating device types, and
the thermoelectric elements are coupled to both of the layers at opposite ends thereof.
2. The thermoelectric harvester of claim 1 , wherein the one or more dummy structures comprises electrically isolated thermoelectric elements or polyamide.
3. The thermoelectric harvester of claim 1 , wherein each thermoelectric element has a top and a bottom, wherein the top of one thermoelectric element is connected to the top of a first adjacent thermoelectric element and the bottom of the one thermoelectric element is connected to the bottom of a second adjacent thermoelectric element.
4. The thermoelectric harvester of claim 3 , wherein the thermoelectric elements are connected via interconnects.
5. The thermoelectric harvester of claim 1 , wherein the thermoelectric elements include p-type thermoelectric elements and n-type thermoelectric elements connected in series while alternating between the p-type and the n-type thermoelectric elements.
6. The thermoelectric harvester of claim 5 , wherein the p-type or n-type thermoelectric elements are superlattices.
7. The thermoelectric harvester of claim 5 , wherein each p-type thermoelectric element is adjacent to only n-type thermoelectric elements.
8. A thermoelectric harvester, comprising:
a first substrate;
a second substrate;
a first plurality of thermoelectric elements disposed on the first substrate;
a second plurality of thermoelectric elements disposed on the second substrate; and
one or more dummy structures surrounding the first plurality of thermoelectric elements and the second plurality of thermoelectric elements,
wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are bonded to each other, such that the first plurality of thermoelectric elements, the second plurality of thermoelectric elements, and the dummy structures are disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and
the first plurality of thermoelectric elements and the second plurality of thermoelectric elements are electrically coupled together in series in alternating device types.
9. The thermoelectric harvester of claim 8 , wherein the first plurality of thermoelectric elements and the second plurality of thermoelectric elements are connected via interconnects.
10. The thermoelectric harvester of claim 8 , wherein the first substrate or the second substrate comprises a thermal conductor layer.
11. The thermoelectric harvester of claim 8 , wherein the first plurality of thermoelectric elements include only p-type thermoelectric elements, and the second plurality of thermoelectric elements include only n-type thermoelectric elements.
12. The thermoelectric harvester of claim 11 , wherein each thermoelectric element has a top and a bottom, wherein the top of one thermoelectric element is connected to the top of a first adjacent thermoelectric element and the bottom of the one thermoelectric element is connected to the bottom of a second adjacent thermoelectric element.
13. The thermoelectric harvester of claim 8 , wherein the one or more dummy structures comprises electrically isolated thermoelectric elements or polyamide.
14. A thermoelectric harvester, comprising:
a plurality of p-type thermoelectric elements disposed between a first thermal conductor layer and a second thermal conductor layer;
a plurality of n-type thermoelectric elements disposed between the first thermal conductor layer and the second thermal conductor layer;
one or more dummy structures surrounding the plurality of p-type thermoelectric elements and the plurality of n-type thermoelectric elements;
wherein the p-type thermoelectric elements and the n-type thermoelectric elements are connected in series while alternating between the p-type and the n-type thermoelectric elements.
15. The thermoelectric harvester of claim 14 , further comprising a thermoplastic between the thermoelectric elements and the first thermal conductor layer.
16. The thermoelectric harvester of claim 15 , wherein the p-type and n-type thermoelectric elements are provided on sloped surfaces of the thermoplastic.
17. The thermoelectric of claim 16 , wherein at least one of the type and n-type thermoelectric elements is slanted both in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction on the sloped surfaces of the thermoplastic relative to the direction of thermal gradient between the first thermal conductor layer and the second thermal conductor layer.
18. The thermoelectric harvester of claim 14 , wherein each p-type thermoelectric element is adjacent to only n-type thermoelectric elements.
19. The thermoelectric harvester of claim 14 , wherein a top of one thermoelectric element is connected to a top of a first adjacent thermoelectric element and a bottom of the one thermoelectric element is connected to a bottom of a second adjacent thermoelectric element.
20. The thermoelectric harvester of claim 14 , wherein the p-type and n-type thermoelectric elements are connected via interconnects.