Modulation of bacterial quorum sensing with synthetic ligands
The present invention provides compounds and methods for modulation of the quorum sensing of bacteria. In an embodiment, the compounds of the present invention are able to act as replacements for naturally occurring bacterial quorum sensing ligands in a ligand-protein binding system; that is, they imitate the effect of natural ligands and produce an agonistic effect. In another embodiment, the compounds of the present invention are able to act in a manner which disturbs or inhibits the naturally occurring ligand-protein binding system in quorum sensing bacteria; that is, they produce an antagonistic effect. The compounds of the present invention comprise N-acylated-homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprised of a wide range of acyl groups.
1. A compound of formula FX1:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein m is 1;
each R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 is hydrogen;
X is —O—;
Y is —CO—;
L is —(CH 2 ) p —, wherein p is 1 or 2;
Z is —O—;
n is 1; and
A is selected from the group consisting of an aryl group, a C 5 -C 8 cycloalkyl group, a C5-C8 cycloalkenyl group, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of a halogen, a C1-C3 alky group, a C1-C3 fluorinated alkyl group, a C1-C3 fluorinated alkoxy group, a nitrile, and a —SR group, where R is a C1-C3 alkyl group.
2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein A is a substituted aryl group.
3. The compound of claim 2 , wherein the substituted aryl group is a halogenated aryl group.
4. The compound of claim 2 , wherein the substituted aryl group is a halogenated phenyl group.
5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein A is selected from the group consisting of:
6. The compound of claim 5 , wherein p is 1.
7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein A is selected from the group consisting of:
8. The compound of claim 7 , wherein p is 1.
9. The compound of claim 7 , wherein A is selected from the group consisting of:
10. The compound of claim 9 , wherein p is 1.
11. The compound of claim 1 which is:
12. The compound of claim 1 which is:
13. A method for treating an infection of a quorum sensing bacterium comprising the step of administering an effective amount of a compound of claim 1 to a patient in need of such treatment.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein said treatment comprises disrupting or inhibiting biofilm formation.
15. The compound of claim 1 , wherein p is 1 and A is selected from:
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the quorum sensing bacterium is a bacterium of the genus Pseudomonas.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the quorum sensing bacterium is a bacterium of the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa.