Decellularized biologically-engineered tubular grafts

1. A method of making a decellularized, biologically-engineered, molded tubular graft, comprising:

combining matrix-producing cells, fibrinogen and thrombin to produce a cell-seeded fibrin gel, wherein the matrix-producing cells are fibroblasts and are grown for between five passages and seven passages before being combined with the fibrinogen and thrombin;

molding the cell-seeded fibrin gel into a hollow tube;

circumferentially stretching or distending the hollow tube while providing or allowing for an axial length of the hollow tube to shorten in the presence of culture medium to result in a biologically-engineered, molded tubular graft comprising a cell-produced extracellular matrix; and

decellularizing the biologically-engineered, molded tubular graft to produce the decellularized, biologically-engineered, molded tubular graft, wherein the decellularized, biologically-engineered, molded tubular graft consists essentially of circumferentially aligned fibers and exhibits greater tensile stiffness in the circumferential direction than in the longitudinal direction and a burst pressure of at least 4000 mm Hg.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the number of matrix-producing cells that is combined with fibrinogen and thrombin to produce the cell-seeded fibrin gel is between about 10 2 matrix-producing cells and about 10 12 matrix-producing cells.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the circumferential stretching or distending is applied cyclically.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the decellularized, biologically-engineered, molded tubular graft is a vascular graft.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the decellularized, biologically-engineered, molded tubular graft is an arterial graft.

6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the decellularized, biologically-engineered, molded tubular graft is a venous graft.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the decellularized, biologically-engineered, molded tubular graft is selected from the group consisting of a urethra graft, a fallopian tube graft, a Vas deferens graft, or a Eustachian tube graft.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the decellularized, biologically-engineered, molded tubular graft has an average diameter of about 0.5 mm to about 6 mm.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the decellularized, biologically-engineered, molded tubular graft has an average diameter of about 5 mm to about 12 mm.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the decellularized, biologically-engineered, molded tubular graft has an average diameter of about 10 mm to about 20 mm.

11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising anchoring one end of the decellularized, biologically-engineered, molded tubular graft at two or more positions to shape the decellularized, biologically-engineered, molded tubular graft into a leaflet valve.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the anchoring is at two positions to shape the decellularized, biologically-engineered, molded tubular graft into a bi-leaflet valve.

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the anchoring is at three positions to shape the decellularized, biologically-engineered, molded tubular graft into a tri-leaflet valve.

14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the anchoring is at four positions to shape the decellularized, biologically-engineered, molded tubular graft into a quad-leaflet valve.

15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the one end of the decellularized, biologically-engineered, molded tubular graft is anchored at two or more positions to a stent.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fibroblasts are dermal fibroblasts.

17. A biologically-engineered valve made by the method of claim 11 .