Extreme ultraviolet/soft X-ray laser nano-scale patterning using the demagnified Talbot effect
An apparatus and method for nanopatterning of substrates using the demagnified Talbot effect, wherein: (a) large arrays of nanostructures can rapidly be printed; (b) short extreme ultraviolet wavelengths permits sub-100 nm spatial resolution; (c) the de-magnification factor can be continuously adjusted, that is, continuously scaled; (d) the patterning is the effect of the collective diffraction of numerous tiled units that constitute the periodic array, giving rise to error resistance such that a defect in one unit is averaged over the area of the mask and the print does not show any defects; (e) the Talbot mask does not wear out since the method is non-contact; and (f) the feature sizes on the mask do not have to be as small as the feature sizes desired on the target, are described. The apparatus includes a source of coherent radiation having a chosen wavelength directed onto a focusing optic, the reflected converging light passing through a Talbot mask and impinging on a target substrate.
1. A method for producing nanometer-scale patterning on the surface of a sample, comprising:
directing a coherent light beam having a chosen wavelength onto a focusing optic such that the light beam emerging therefrom converges
placing a Talbot mask having a periodic pattern of nanometer-scale unit cells formed thereon in the converging light beam at a first chosen distance from the focusing optic, wherein the converging light beam passes through the Talbot mask; and
placing a sample disposed at a second chosen distance from the Talbot mask, having a photosensitive surface thereon responsive to the light beam passing through the Talbot mask, for generating a nanostructure having the pattern of unit cells of the Talbot mask on the sample.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second chosen distance is the distance of the first Talbot plane.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the second chosen distance is one-fourth or three-fourths of the distance of the first Talbot plane.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first chosen distance is the distance at which a chosen demagnification of the pattern of arrays of unit cells occurs.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the focusing optic comprises a mirror.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the light source comprises an extreme ultraviolet laser.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the photosensitive surface comprises a photoresist.