ADAM6 mice
Mice are provided that comprise a reduction or deletion of ADAM6 activity from an endogenous ADAM6 locus, or that lack an endogenous locus encoding a mouse ADAM6 protein, wherein the mice comprise a sequence encoding an ADAM6 or ortholog or homolog or fragment thereof that is functional in a male mouse. In one embodiment, the sequence is an ectopic ADAM6 sequence or a sequence that confers upon a male mouse the ability to generate offspring by mating. Mice and cells with genetically modified immunoglobulin heavy chain loci that comprise an ectopic nucleotide sequence encoding a mouse ADAM6 or functional fragment or homolog or ortholog thereof are also provided.
1. A method for generating a fully human antibody that binds to an antigen of interest, the antibody comprising two human immunoglobulin light chains and two human immunoglobulin heavy chains, wherein each human immunoglobulin heavy chain includes a human heavy chain variable domain encoded by a human heavy chain variable region sequence found in a genetically modified mouse that has been immunized with the antigen of interest, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a mammalian cell comprising
(1) a nucleotide sequence encoding a fully human immunoglobulin light chain comprising a human kappa light chain variable domain operably linked to a human kappa light chain constant region domain, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the fully human immunoglobulin light chain includes a human kappa light chain variable region sequence that encodes the human kappa light chain variable domain, wherein the human kappa light chain variable region sequence is identical to a human kappa light chain variable region sequence found in a B cell of the genetically modified mouse that has been immunized with the antigen of interest, and
(2) a nucleotide sequence encoding a fully human immunoglobulin heavy chain comprising a human heavy chain variable domain operably linked to a human heavy chain constant region domain comprising a C H 1, a hinge, a C H 2 and a C H 3, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the fully human immunoglobulin heavy chain includes a human heavy chain variable region sequence that encodes the human heavy chain variable domain, wherein the human heavy chain variable region sequence is identical to a human heavy chain variable region sequence found in a B cell of the genetically modified mouse that has been immunized with the antigen of interest, wherein the genetically modified mouse includes in its genome:
(i) a replacement of the endogenous mouse heavy chain variable region sequence with at least 18 human V H gene segments, all of the human D H gene segments, and all of the human J H gene segments upstream of the endogenous mouse heavy chain constant region sequence at an endogenous immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, wherein the at least 18 human V H gene segments include a V H 1-2 gene segment and a V H 6-1 gene segment;
(ii) a replacement of the endogenous mouse light chain variable region sequence with at least 16 human V κ gene segments and all of the human J κ gene segments upstream of the endogenous mouse light chain constant region sequence;
(iii) a deletion of the endogenous A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 6a (ADAM6a) and A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease 6b (ADAM6b) genes from the endogenous immunoglobulin heavy chain locus; and
(iv) an inserted nucleic acid sequence that expresses a functional mouse ADAM6a protein and a functional mouse ADAM6b protein, wherein the nucleic acid sequence is inserted between the V H 1-2 gene segment and the V H 6-1 gene segment;
wherein the genetically modified mouse is a homozygous endogenous ADAM6 null male mouse and is fertile;
(b) culturing the mammalian cell so that the two fully human immunoglobulin light chains and the two fully human immunoglobulin heavy chains are expressed and form the fully human antibody; and
(c) obtaining the fully human antibody from the mammalian cell culture medium.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the replacement of (i) includes at least 39 human V H gene segments.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the replacement of (i) includes at least 80 human V H gene segments.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the replacement of (ii) includes at least 30 human V κ gene segments.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the replacement of (ii) includes at least 40 human V κ gene segments.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antigen of interest is interleukin-6 receptor.