Formaldehyde free binder compositions with urea-aldehyde reaction products
Fiber-containing composites are described that contain woven or non-woven fibers, and a cured binder formed from a binder composition that includes (1) a reducing sugar and (2) a crosslinking agent that includes a reaction product of a urea compound and a polycarbonyl compound. Exemplary reaction products for the crosslinking agent may include the reaction product of urea and an α,β-bicarbonyl compound or an α,γ-bicarbonyl compound. Exemplary fiber-containing composites may include fiberglass insulation.
1. A carbohydrate binder composition comprising:
dextrose,
4,5-dihydroxyimidazolidin-2-one, and
a catalyst that catalyzes a reaction between the dextrose and 4,5-dihydroxyimidazolidin-2-one, the catalyst comprising a salt of an oxyacid, wherein the oxyacid is selected from the group consisting of a methyl sulfamic acid, an ethyl sulfamic acid, a propyl sulfamic acid, and a butyl sulfamic acid.
2. The carbohydrate binder composition of claim 1 , wherein the salt comprises a reaction product of the oxyacid with a compound selected from the group consisting of an ammonia, an alkyl amine, an aryl amine, an alkanol amine, a diamine, and a polyamine.
3. The carbohydrate binder composition of claim 1 , wherein the salt comprises a reaction product of the oxyacid with an amine selected from the group consisting of a methyl amine, an ethyl amine, a dimethyl amine, and a trimethyl amine.
4. The carbohydrate binder composition of claim 1 , wherein the salt comprises a reaction product of the oxyacid with an alkanol amine selected from the group consisting of a monoethanol amine, a diethanol amine, and a triethanol amine.
5. The carbohydrate binder composition of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a first catalyst, and
the carbohydrate binder composition further comprises an additional catalyst or additional catalysts, wherein:
the additional catalyst or additional catalysts comprise a sulfate, a nitrate, or a phosphate, and
the additional catalyst or additional catalysts have a total weight no more than one-ninth of the weight of the first catalyst on a dry basis.