LED lighting apparatus formed by a printable composition of a liquid or gel suspension of diodes and methods of using same
An exemplary printable composition of a liquid or gel suspension of diodes generally includes a plurality of diodes, a first solvent and/or a viscosity modifier. An exemplary apparatus may include a plurality of diodes; at least a trace amount of a first solvent; and a polymeric or resin film at least partially surrounding each diode of the plurality of diodes. Various exemplary diodes have a lateral dimension between about 10 to 50 microns and about 5 to 25 microns in height. Other embodiments may also include a plurality of substantially chemically inert particles having a range of sizes between about 10 to about 50 microns.
1. An elongate lighting apparatus comprising:
a base having a first end and a second end;
a substantially planar illuminating element coupled to the base;
a lensing, light diffusion or light dispersion structure, cover or filter coupled to the base; and
at least one first electrical interface coupled to at least one of the first or second ends of the base, the at least one first electrical interface comprising at least one end cap; and
wherein the illuminating element comprises:
at least a trace amount of a first solvent;
a viscosity modifier or a cured or polymerized viscosity modifier; and
a plurality of light emitting diodes having a width less than or equal to 50 microns, each light emitting diode of the plurality of light emitting diodes comprising:
a light emitting region, the light emitting or absorbing region having a mesa region;
at least one first terminal coupled to the light emitting region; and
at least one second terminal coupled to the light emitting region.
2. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the light emitting or absorbing region has a lateral dimension of 6 microns to 30 microns and a height of 1 micron to 7 microns; the at least one first terminal is coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a first side, the at least one first terminal having a height of 3 microns to 6 microns; and the at least one second terminal is coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a second side opposite the first side, the at least one second terminal having a height less than or equal to 2 microns.
3. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each diode of the plurality of light emitting diodes has a width between about 20 to 30 microns and a height between about 5 to 15 microns.
4. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the lensing, light diffusion or light dispersion structure, cover or filter comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of: metal, glass, plastic, polymer, polymeric, and combinations thereof.
5. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the lensing, light diffusion or light dispersion structure, cover or filter further comprises a phosphor coating.
6. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first electrical interface further comprises one or more rigid or flexible pins, cords or other conductors extending from the at least one end cap.
7. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
at least one second electrical interface comprising circuitry for controlling the illuminating element.
8. The lighting apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the at least one second electrical interface further comprises a switch.
9. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the base has a length and a form factor compatible with insertion of the lighting apparatus into a standard fluorescent tube-type socket.
10. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the base further comprises one or more channels or walls.
11. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the base is rigid or flexible.
12. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the lighting apparatus has a form factor compatible with a lighting standard selected from the group consisting of: ES, E12, E14, E26, E27, SES, bi-pin, quad-pin, L1, PL-2 pin, PL-4 pin, G9 halogen capsule, G4 halogen capsule, GU10, GU5.3, bayonet, small bayonet.
13. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the lensing, light diffusion or light dispersion structure, cover or filter is transparent, translucent, frosted or partially translucent.
14. A method of using the lighting apparatus of claim 1 , comprising inserting the lighting apparatus into a fluorescent tube-type socket or a screw-type socket.
15. A method comprising:
an individual using an elongate lighting apparatus, the elongate lighting apparatus comprising a base having a first end and a second end; a substantially planar illuminating element coupled to the base; a lensing, light diffusion or light dispersion structure, cover or filter coupled to the base; and at least one end cap disposed at least at the first end or the second end of the base; and
wherein the illuminating element comprises: a first solvent; a viscosity modifier; and a plurality of light emitting diodes having a width less than 50 microns, each light emitting diode of the plurality of light emitting diodes comprising: a light emitting or absorbing region having a mesa, a first terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region; and a second terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein each of the plurality of light emitting diodes has a width from about 20 microns to about 30 microns and has a height from about 10 microns to about 15 microns.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the light emitting or absorbing region has a lateral dimension of 6 microns to 30 microns and a height of 1 micron to 7 microns;
the at least one first terminal is coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a first side, the at least one first terminal having a height of 3 microns to 6 microns; and the at least one second terminal is coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a second side opposite the first side, the at least one second terminal having a height less than or equal to 2 microns.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the light emitting or absorbing region comprises an n+ GaN layer, a quantum well region, and a p+ GaN layer.
19. The method of claim 15 , wherein the second terminal is coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region by a via structure.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the via structure has a height from 7 about microns to about 9 microns or has a width from about 3 microns to about 5 microns.
21. The method of claim 15 , wherein each of the plurality of light emitting diodes has a lateral side having a height from about 5 microns to about 15 microns.
22. The method of claim 15 , wherein each of the plurality of light emitting diodes has a width from about 15 microns to about 40 microns.
23. The method of claim 15 , wherein further comprising one or more rigid or flexible pins, cords or other conductors extending from the at least one end cap.
24. The method of claim 15 , wherein the base has a length and a form factor compatible with insertion of the lighting apparatus into a standard fluorescent tube-type socket.
25. The method of claim 15 , wherein the illuminating element extends along the length of the base.
26. The method of claim 15 , wherein the lensing, light diffusion or light dispersion structure, cover or filter is transparent, translucent, frosted or partially translucent.
27. The method of claim 15 , wherein the lighting apparatus further comprises an interface coupled to the illuminating element for controlling the illuminating element.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the interface further comprises a switch.
29. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the base further comprises a plurality of channels or walls.
30. A method comprising:
an individual using an elongate lighting apparatus, the elongate lighting apparatus comprising a base having a first end and a second end; a substantially planar illuminating element coupled to the base; a lensing, light diffusion or light dispersion structure, cover or filter coupled to the base; and at least one end cap disposed at least at the first end or the second end of the base; and
wherein the illuminating element comprises: at least a trace amount of a first solvent; a cured or polymerized viscosity modifier; and a plurality of light emitting diodes having a width less than 50 microns, each light emitting diode of the plurality of light emitting diodes comprising: a light emitting or absorbing region having a mesa, a first terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region; and a second terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region.