Image sensor with anti-blooming gate
The invention concerns active-pixel electronic image sensors. The pixel comprises a photodiode (PH) designed in a semiconductor active layer ( 12 ) and maintained at a nil reference potential, and above the active layer an anti-blooming gate (G 5 ) adjacent on one side to the photodiode and on another side to an evacuation drain ( 22 ). The sensor comprises means for applying to the anti-blooming gate, during most of the duration of integration, a blocking potential creating beneath the gate a potential barrier of a first height, and, during a series of brief pulses over the duration of integration, an anti-blooming potential creating a potential barrier of a second height, lower than the first. The fact of only applying the anti-blooming voltage during the brief pulses reduces the dark noise induced by tunneling effect by the electric field between gate and photodiode.
1. A method for controlling a pixel of an image sensor, in which each pixel of the image sensor comprises at least one photodiode formed in a semiconductor active layer by a doped region of a first type of conductivity covered by a surface region of the opposite type maintained at a nil reference potential, a drain, and an anti-blooming gate above the active layer, adjacent on one side to the photodiode and on another side to the drain for evacuating electric charge set to a reference potential, the method comprising:
operating the sensor periodically with in each period a determined duration of integration,
during said duration of integration, setting the anti-blooming gate to a main blocking potential creating, in the active layer beneath the anti-blooming gate, a first potential barrier of a first height, and
generating a periodic pulsed signal applying a series of brief pulses over the duration of integration, to set periodically the anti-blooming gate to a positive anti-blooming potential creating, beneath the anti-blooming gate, a second potential barrier of a second height, lower than the first height, the second potential barrier retaining the charge representing lighting in the photodiode up to a blooming threshold,
wherein
a ratio of the duration of integration to a cumulative duration of the brief pulses is greater than or equal to 20, and
a duty ratio of the period of the brief pulses to the duration of the brief pulses is greater than or equal to 20.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the blocking potential is equal to the nil reference potential.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the blocking potential is negative with respect to the nil reference potential.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the anti-blooming potential lies between 0.5 and 0.9 volts.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the period of the pulses is a read-out period of rows of pixels of a matrix sensor.
6. An image sensor comprising:
an array of pixels, each pixel comprising at least one photodiode in a semiconductor active layer with a doped region of a first type of conductivity covered by a surface region of the opposite type maintained at a nil reference potential,
a drain, and
an anti-blooming gate, above the active layer, adjacent on one side to the photodiode and on another side to the drain to evacuate electric charge set to a reference potential,
wherein
the sensor is configured to operate periodically with in each period a determined duration of integration,
the sensor further includes circuitry configured to
during said duration of integration, apply to the anti-blooming gate, a main blocking potential creating, in the active layer beneath the anti-blooming gate, a first potential barrier of a first height,
generate a periodic pulsed signal applying a series of brief pulses over the duration of integration, to set periodically the anti-blooming gate to a positive anti-blooming potential creating, beneath the anti-blooming gate, a second potential barrier of a second height, lower than the first height, the second potential barrier retaining the charge representing lighting in the photodiode up to a blooming threshold,
a ratio of the duration of integration to the cumulative duration of the brief pulses is greater than or equal to 20, and
a duty ratio of the period of the brief pulses to the duration of the brief pulses is greater than or equal to 20.
7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the period of the pulses is a read-out period of rows of pixels of a matrix sensor.