Process for operating a furnace with bituminous coal and method for reducing slag formation therewith
There is provided a process for operating a coal-fired furnace to generate heat. The process has the steps of a) providing the coal to the furnace and b) combusting the coal in the presence of a first slag-reducing ingredient and a second slag-reducing ingredient in amounts effective to reduce slag formation in the furnace. In one embodiment, the first slag-reducing ingredient is one or more oxygenated magnesium compounds and the second slag-reducing ingredient is selected from the group consisting of one or more oxygenated calcium compounds, one or more oxygenated silicon compounds, and combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the first slag-reducing ingredient is one or more oxygenated silicon compounds, and wherein the second slag-reducing ingredient is one or more oxygenated aluminum compounds. There are also provided methods for reducing slag formation in a coal-fired furnace. There are also provided methods for treating coal. There are also treated coals.
1. A process for operating a coal-fired furnace, comprising:
a) providing coal to a coal-fired furnace; and
b) combusting the coal in the presence of a first slag-reducing ingredient and a second slag-reducing ingredient in amounts effective to reduce slag formation in the furnace,
wherein the first slag-reducing ingredient is one or more oxygenated magnesium compounds,
wherein the second slag-reducing ingredient is one of
one or more oxygenated silicon compounds and
a combination of one or more oxygenated compounds of aluminum and silicon,
wherein the coal exhibits an Si/Al ratio of 2.19 to 2.85; a Fe/(Si+Al) ratio of 0.12 to 0.32; and a Ca/(Si+Al) ratio of 0.04 to 0.09.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the one or more oxygenated magnesium compounds is selected from a group consisting of magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, and combinations thereof.
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the one or more oxygenated magnesium compounds is magnesium hydroxide or magnesium carbonate.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second slag-reducing ingredient is one or more oxygenated silicon compounds selected from a group consisting of silicon dioxide, silicon monoxide, siloxanes, silanols, silanediols, silicic acids, and combinations thereof.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second slag-reducing ingredient is a combination of one or more oxygenated compounds of aluminum and silicon selected from a group consisting of silicon dioxide, silicon monoxide, siloxanes, silanols, silanediols, silicic acids, aluminum nitrate, aluminum oxides, aluminum hydroxide, and combinations thereof.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the coal is a bituminous coal.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first and second slag-reducing ingredients are added to the coal at up to 2000 ppm by weight based upon the weight of the coal as received.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first and second slag-reducing ingredients are present at 100 to 1000 ppm by weight based upon the weight of the coal as received.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the first slag-reducing ingredient to the second slag-reducing ingredient ranges from 95:5 to 60:40.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the first slag-reducing ingredient to the second slag-reducing ingredient ranges from 90:10 to 80:20.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein a rate of formation of slag is reduced by a factor of 10 to 100 compared to a presence of the first slag-reducing ingredient alone.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first and second slag-reducing ingredients are added to the coal prior to provision of the coal to the furnace.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first and second slag-reducing ingredients are added to the furnace.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the first slag-reducing ingredient to the second slag-reducing ingredient added to the coal ranges from 60:40 to 40:60.
15. A method for treating coal, comprising:
adding to the coal an amount of a first slag-reducing ingredient and an amount of a second slag-reducing ingredient,
wherein the first slag-reducing ingredient is one or more oxygenated magnesium compounds,
wherein the second slag-reducing ingredient is selected from a group consisting of one or more oxygenated silicon compounds and a combination of one or more oxygenated compounds of aluminum and silicon, and
wherein the coal exhibits an Si/Al ratio of 2.19 to 2.85; a Fe/(Si+Al) ratio of 0.12 to 0.32; and a Ca/(Si+Al) ratio of 0.04 to 0.09.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein a ratio of the first slag-reducing ingredient to the second slag-reducing ingredient added to the coal ranges from 60:40 to 40:60.
17. A method for reducing slag formation in a coal-fired furnace, comprising
combusting coal in the furnace when a slag-reducing ingredient is present, wherein the coal exhibits an Si/Al ratio of 2.19 to 2.85; a Fe/(Si+Al) ratio of 0.12 to 0.32; and a Ca/(Si+Al) ratio of 0.04 to 0.09, and wherein the slag-reducing ingredient comprises a combination of one or more oxygenated compounds of aluminum and silicon.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the coal is a bituminous coal.