Laser-driven light source for generating light from a plasma in an pressurized chamber
An apparatus for producing light includes a chamber and an ignition source that ionizes a gas within the chamber. The apparatus also includes at least one laser that provides energy to the ionized gas within the chamber to produce a high brightness light. The laser can provide a substantially continuous amount of energy to the ionized gas to generate a substantially continuous high brightness light.
1. A laser driven light source comprising:
a) a pressurized chamber comprising a region that is transparent to a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and being configured to confine a gas during operation at a pressure greater than 10 atmospheres;
b) an ignition source for ionizing the gas within the pressurized chamber; and
c) a laser that generates substantially continuous electromagnetic radiation within a wavelength range of up to about 2000 nm and having an output that is aligned to the region that is transparent to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum so that the electromagnetic radiation generated by the laser forms a plasma in the pressurized chamber from the gas ionized by the ignition source, the plasma generated by the electromagnetic radiation produces a plasma-generated light comprising wavelengths that are greater than 50 nm.
2. The laser driven light source of claim 1 wherein the pressurized chamber is configured to confine the gas during operation at a pressure that is greater than 30 atmospheres.
3. The laser driven light source of claim 1 wherein the pressurized chamber is configured to confine the gas during operation at a pressure that is greater than 50 atmospheres.
4. The laser driven light source of claim 1 wherein the ignition source for ionizing the gas during operation within the pressurized chamber comprises an electrode.
5. The laser driven light source of claim 1 wherein the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum where the region of the pressurized chamber is transparent comprises wavelengths greater than 50 nm so that at least a portion of the plasma-generated light exits the pressured chamber through the region.
6. The laser driven light source of claim 1 wherein the pressurized chamber comprises a window that is transparent to the plasma-generated light comprising wavelengths that are greater than 50 nm.
7. The laser driven light source of claim 1 wherein the pressurized chamber comprises a sealed pressurized chamber.
8. The laser driven light source of claim 1 further comprising a curved reflective surface disposed external to the pressurized chamber and aligned to receive at least a portion of the plasma-generated light comprising wavelengths that are greater than 50 nm, the curved reflective surface reflecting the plasma-generated light comprising wavelengths that are greater than 50 nm towards an output.
9. The laser driven light source of claim 1 wherein the pressurized chamber comprises a paraboloid-shaped or ellipsoid-shaped inner surface that is at least partially reflective.
10. The laser driven light source of claim 1 further comprising an optical element positioned between the output of the laser and the region that is transparent to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the pressurized chamber, the optical element having a numerical aperture that is in a range of 0.1 to 0.8.
11. The laser driven light source of claim 1 further comprising an optical system positioned between the output of the laser and the region that is transparent to the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the pressurized chamber, the optical system being configured so as to maintain the plasma in the pressurized chamber that is elongated such that a length of the plasma is greater than that of a diameter of the plasma.
12. A method for producing light, the method comprising:
a) ionizing a gas within a chamber, the gas having a pressure during operation that is greater than 10 atmospheres;
b) generating substantially continuous electromagnetic radiation comprising a wavelength range of up to about 2000 nm; and
c) directing the substantially continuous electromagnetic radiation comprising the wavelength range of up to about 2000 nm to a region that is transparent to at least a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the pressurized chamber so that the generated electromagnetic radiation sustains a plasma in the chamber, thereby producing plasma-generated light comprising wavelengths that are greater than 50 nm.
13. The method for producing light of claim 12 further comprising producing the plasma-generated light having wavelengths that are greater than 50 nm.
14. The method for producing light of claim 12 further comprising forming a converging beam of the substantially continuous electromagnetic radiation comprising the wavelength range of up to about 2000 nm.
15. The method for producing light of claim 14 further comprising forming the converging beam of the substantially continuous electromagnetic radiation comprising the wavelength range of up to about 2000 nm with a numerical aperture that is in a range of 0.1 to 0.8.
16. The method for producing light of claim 12 wherein the gas has a pressure during operation that is greater than 30 atmospheres.
17. The method for producing light of claim 12 wherein the gas has a pressure during operation that is greater than 50 atmospheres.
18. The method for producing light of claim 12 wherein the ionizing the gas comprises ionizing the gas with an electrical discharge.
19. The method for producing light of claim 12 wherein the directing the substantially continuous electromagnetic radiation comprising the wavelength range of up to about 2000 nm to the region that is transparent to at least the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum comprises expanding and focusing the substantially continuous electromagnetic radiation comprising the wavelength range of up to about 2000 nm.
20. The method for producing light of claim 12 wherein the plasma-generated light comprising wavelengths that are greater than 50 nm emits from the region that is transparent to at least the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
21. The method for producing light of claim 12 further comprising reflecting the plasma-generated light comprising wavelengths that are greater than 50 nm off a curved reflective surface.
22. The method for producing light of claim 12 further comprising reflecting the plasma-generated light comprising wavelengths that are greater than 50 nm off a paraboloid-shaped or ellipsoid-shaped inner surface of the chamber that is at least partially reflective.
23. The method for producing light of claim 12 further comprising maintaining the plasma in the chamber that is elongated such that a length of the plasma is greater than that of a diameter of the plasma.
24. A laser driven light source comprising:
a) a chamber for confining a gas to a pressure that is greater than 10 atmospheres;
b) a means for ionizing the pressurized gas;
c) a means for generating substantially continuous electromagnetic radiation comprising a wavelength range from about 700 nm to about 2000 nm; and
d) a means for directing the substantially continuous electromagnetic radiation comprising the wavelength range from about 700 nm to about 2000 nm to a region that is transparent to at least a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the chamber so that the generated electromagnetic radiation forms a plasma in the chamber from the ionized gas, thereby producing plasma-generated light comprising wavelengths that are greater than 50 nm.
25. A light source comprising:
a) a means for confining a gas to a pressure that is greater than 10 atmospheres during operation;
b) a means for ionizing the pressurized gas; and
c) a means for providing at least substantially continuous electromagnetic energy having wavelengths up to about 2000 nm to the ionized gas to produce plasma-generated light having wavelengths that are greater than 50 nm.