Non-human animals having a humanized signal-regulatory protein gene
Genetically modified non-human animals and methods and compositions for making and using the same are provided, wherein the genetic modification comprises a humanization of an endogenous signal-regulatory protein gene, in particular a humanization of a SIRPα gene. Genetically modified mice are described, including mice that express a human or humanized SIRPα protein from an endogenous SIRPα locus.
1. A rodent whose genome comprises a replacement of exons 2, 3 and 4 of a rodent SIRPα gene at an endogenous rodent SIRPα locus with exons 2, 3 and 4 of a human SIRPα gene to form a humanized SIRPα gene, wherein said humanized SIRPα gene is operably linked to a rodent SIRPα promoter at said endogenous rodent SIRPα locus, and expresses in said rodent a humanized SIRPα protein comprising an extracellular portion of the human SIRPα protein encoded by said human SIRPα gene and an intracellular portion of the rodent SIRPα protein encoded by said rodent SIRPα gene, and wherein the rodent is selected from a mouse or a rat.
2. The rodent of claim 1 , wherein said rodent is a rat.
3. The rodent of claim 2 , wherein said humanized SIRPα gene comprises exons 1, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of said rodent SIRPα gene.
4. The rodent of claim 2 , wherein said human SIRPα protein comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4.
5. The rodent of claim 4 , wherein the extracellular portion of said human SIRPα protein comprises amino acid residues 28-362 of said human SIRPα protein.
6. The rodent of claim 2 , wherein the rat does not express a rat SIRPα protein.
7. An isolated rodent cell or tissue whose genome comprises a replacement of exons 2, 3 and 4 of a rodent SIRPα gene at an endogenous rodent SIRPα locus with exons 2, 3 and 4 of a human SIRPα gene to form a humanized SIRPα gene, wherein said humanized SIRPα gene is operably linked to a rodent SIRPα promoter at said endogenous rodent SIRPα locus, and expresses in said rodent cell or tissue a humanized SIRPα protein comprising an extracellular portion of the human SIRPα protein encoded by said human SIRPα gene and an intracellular portion of the rodent SIRPα protein encoded by said rodent SIRPα gene, and wherein the rodent is selected from a mouse or a rat.
8. The isolated cell or tissue of claim 7 , wherein said rodent is a rat.
9. The isolated cell or tissue of claim 8 , wherein the humanized SIRPα gene comprises exons 1, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of said rodent SIRPα gene.
10. The isolated cell or tissue of claim 8 , wherein the cell or tissue does not express a rat SIRPα protein.
11. The isolated cell or tissue of claim 8 , wherein the cell or tissue is an embryonic stem (ES) cell.
12. A rodent embryo generated from the ES cell of claim 11 .
13. A method of making a rodent, the method comprising:
(a) replacing exons 2, 3 and 4 of a rodent SIRPα gene at an endogenous rodent SIRPα locus in a rodent ES cell with exons 2, 3 and 4 of a human SIRPα gene to form a humanized SIRPα gene, wherein said humanized SIRPα gene is operably linked to a rodent SIRPα promoter at said endogenous rodent SIRPα locus and encodes a humanized SIRPα protein comprising an extracellular portion of the human SIRPα protein encoded by said human SIRPα gene and an intracellular portion of the rodent SIRPα protein encoded by said rodent SIRPα gene, and wherein the rodent is selected from mouse or rat, thereby obtaining a modified rodent ES cell comprising said humanized SIRPα gene;
(b) creating a rodent using the modified ES cell of (a).
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the rodent is rat.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein said humanized SIRPα gene comprises exons 1, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of said rodent SIRPα gene.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the extracellular portion of said human SIRPα protein comprises amino acid residues 28-362 of SEQ ID NO: 4.
17. A method of engrafting human cells into a rodent, comprising steps of:
(a) providing a rodent whose genome comprises a replacement of exons 2, 3 and 4 of a rodent SIRPα gene at an endogenous rodent SIRPα locus with exons 2, 3 and 4 of a human SIRPα gene to form a humanized SIRPα gene, wherein said humanized SIRPα gene is operably linked to a rodent SIRPα promoter at said endogenous rodent SIRPα locus and expresses in said rodent a humanized SIRPα protein comprising an extracellular portion of the human SIRPα protein encoded by said human SIRPα gene and an intracellular portion of the rodent SIRPα protein encoded by said rodent SIRPα gene, and wherein the rodent is selected from a mouse or a rat; and
(b) transplanting one or more human cells into the rodent.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the rodent is a rat.
19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising a step of:
(c) assaying engraftment of the one or more human cells in the rodent.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the step of assaying comprises comparing the engraftment of the one or more human cells to the engraftment in one or more wild-type rats or in one or more rats whose genome does not comprise said replacement.
21. The method of claim 18 , wherein said humanized SIRPα gene comprises exons 1, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of said rodent SIRPα gene.
22. The method of claim 18 , wherein the extracellular portion of said human SIRPα protein comprises amino acids 28-362 of SEQ ID NO: 4.
23. The method of claim 18 , wherein the human cells are hematopoietic stem cells.
24. The method of claim 18 , wherein the human cells are transplanted intravenously, intraperitoneally, or subcutaneously.
25. A method comprising,
(a) providing one or more rodent cells whose genome comprises a replacement of exons 2, 3 and 4 of a rodent SIRPα gene at an endogenous rodent SIRPα locus with exons 2, 3 and 4 of a human SIRPα gene to form a humanized SIRPα gene, wherein said humanized SIRPα gene is operably linked to a rodent SIRPα promoter at said endogenous rodent SIRPα locus and expresses in said one or more rodent cells a humanized SIRPα protein comprising an extracellular portion of the human SIRPα protein encoded by said human SIRPα gene and an intracellular portion of the rodent SIRPα protein encoded by said rodent SIRPα gene, and wherein the rodent is selected from a mouse or a rat;
(b) incubating the one or more rodent cells of step (a) with a labeled substrate; and
(c) measuring phagocytosis of the labeled substrate by the one or more rodent cells of step (b).
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein said rodent is a rat.
27. The method of claim 26 , wherein said humanized SIRPα gene comprises exons 1, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of said rodent SIRPα gene.
28. The method of claim 26 , wherein the substrate is fluorescently labeled or labeled with an antibody.
29. The method of claim 26 , wherein the substrate is one or more red blood cells or one or more bacterial cells.
30. A method comprising,
(a) providing a rodent whose genome comprises a replacement of exons 2, 3 and 4 of a rodent SIRPα gene at an endogenous rodent SIRPα locus with exons 2, 3 and 4 of a human SIRPα gene to form a humanized SIRPα gene, wherein said humanized SIRPα gene is operably linked to a rodent SIRPα promoter at said endogenous rodent SIRPα locus and expresses in said rodent a humanized SIRPα protein comprising an extracellular portion of the human SIRPα protein encoded by said human SIRPα gene and an intracellular portion of the rodent SIRPα protein encoded by said rodent SIRPα gene, and wherein the rodent is selected from a mouse or a rat;
(b) exposing the rodent to an antigen; and
(c) measuring phagocytosis of the antigen by one or more cells of the rodent.
31. The method of claim 30 , wherein said rodent is a rat.
32. The method of claim 31 , wherein said humanized SIRPα gene comprises exons 1, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of said rodent SIRPα gene.
33. The method of claim 31 , wherein the step of exposing comprises exposing the rodent to an antigen that is fluorescently labeled.
34. The method of claim 31 , wherein the step of exposing comprises exposing the rodent to one or more cells that comprise the antigen.
35. The method of claim 34 , wherein the step of exposing comprises exposing the rodent to one or more human cells comprising the antigen or to one or more bacterial cells comprising the antigen.
36. A method of assessing the therapeutic efficacy of a drug targeting human cells, comprising:
providing a rodent whose genome a replacement of exons 2, 3 and 4 of a rodent SIRPα gene at an endogenous rodent SIRPα locus with exons 2, 3 and 4 of a human SIRPα gene to form a humanized SIRPα gene, wherein said humanized SIRPα gene is operably linked to a rodent SIRPα promoter at said endogenous rodent SIRPα locus and expresses in said rodent a humanized SIRPα protein comprising an extracellular portion of the human SIRPα protein encoded by said human SIRPα gene and an intracellular portion of the rodent SIRPα protein encoded by said rodent SIRPα gene, and wherein the rodent is selected from a mouse or a rat;
transplanting one or more human cells into the rodent;
administering a drug candidate to said rodent; and
monitoring the human cells in the rodent to determine the therapeutic efficacy of the drug candidate.
37. The method of claim 36 , wherein said rodent is a rat.
38. The method of claim 37 , wherein the human cells are cancer cells, and said drug candidate is an anti-cancer drug candidate.
39. The method of claim 36 , wherein said drug candidate is an antibody.
40. The method of claim 36 , wherein said rodent further comprises human immune cells.
41. The method of claim 40 , wherein said drug candidate is a bispecific antibody that binds to an antigen on the human immune cells and an antigen on the transplanted human cancer cells.