Process for the preparation of whey protein aggregate particles and use thereof
The present invention relates to whey protein aggregate particles that can be used to stabilize foams, and more particularly edible foams, such as foamed dairy products. The invention provides a process for preparation of such whey protein aggregates, for the use of such particles for stabilizing foam, as well as edible foams or foamed product comprising such whey protein aggregate particles.
1. A process for the preparation of whey protein aggregate particles, the process comprising:
a. dispersing whey protein in an aqueous medium to form an aqueous solution;
b. adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution obtained in step a) to a pH above 7.1;
c. allowing the whey protein to hydrate in the aqueous solution obtained in step b);
d. denaturing and gelling the whey protein by heating the aqueous solution of hydrated whey protein obtained in step c) to a temperature above 76° C., the heating is applied to the aqueous solution such that the denatured and gelled whey protein has more than 90% of beta-lactoglobulin denaturation;
e. drying the denatured and gelled whey protein obtained in step d) to form dry whey protein aggregate; and
f. reducing the dry whey protein aggregate to a particle powder.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the whey protein dispersed in the aqueous solution in step a) is in the form of whey protein isolate or whey protein concentrate.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the adjusted pH of the aqueous solution in step b) does not exceed 9.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein step f) is carried out by grinding or milling.
5. A method for creating an edible foam or for promoting the creation of the edible foam, the method comprising using whey protein aggregate particles to produce the edible foam, the whey protein aggregate particles being produced by the steps:
a. dispersing whey protein in an aqueous medium to form an aqueous solution;
b. adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution obtained in step a) to a pH above 7.1;
c. allowing the whey protein to hydrate in the aqueous solution obtained in step b);
d. denaturing and gelling the whey protein by heating the aqueous solution of hydrated whey protein obtained in step c) to a temperature above 76° C., the heating is applied to the aqueous solution such that the denatured and gelled whey protein has more than 90% beta-lactoglobulin denaturation;
e. drying the denatured and gelled whey protein obtained in step d) to form dry whey protein aggregate; and
f. reducing the dry whey protein aggregate to a particle powder.
6. A method for stabilizing an edible foam, the method comprising using whey protein aggregate particles to produce the edible foam, the particles being produced by the steps:
a. dispersing whey protein in an aqueous medium to form an aqueous solution;
b. adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution obtained in step a) to a pH above 7.1;
c. allowing the whey protein to hydrate in the aqueous solution obtained in step b);
d. denaturing and gelling the whey protein by heating the aqueous solution of hydrated whey protein obtained in step c) to a temperature above 76° C., the heating is applied to the aqueous solution such that the denatured and gelled whey protein has more than 90% beta-lactoglobulin denaturation;
e. drying the denatured and gelled whey protein obtained in step d) to form dry whey protein aggregate; and
f. reducing the dry whey protein aggregate to a particle powder.
7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the whey protein aggregate particles are used in a concentration of at least 1.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the edible foam.
8. A method for stabilizing a foam, the method comprising adding whey protein aggregate particles to an edible composition intended to be foamed prior to formation of the foam, the whey protein aggregate particles produced by the steps:
a. dispersing whey protein in an aqueous medium to form an aqueous solution;
b. adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution obtained in step a) to a pH above 7.1;
c. allowing the whey protein to hydrate in the aqueous solution obtained in step b);
d. denaturing and gelling the whey protein by heating the aqueous solution of hydrated whey protein obtained in step c) to a temperature above 76° C., the heating is applied to the aqueous solution such that the denatured and gelled whey protein has more than 90% beta-lactoglobulin denaturation;
e. drying the denatured and gelled whey protein obtained in step d) to form dry whey protein aggregate; and
f. reducing the dry whey protein aggregate to a particle powder.
9. A method for producing a foamed edible product, the method comprising adding whey protein aggregate particles to an edible composition prior to formation of a foam and then inducing foam formation in the edible composition to form the foamed edible product, the whey protein aggregate particles produced by the steps:
a. dispersing whey protein in an aqueous medium to form an aqueous solution;
b. adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution obtained in step a) to a pH above 7.1;
c. allowing the whey protein to hydrate in the aqueous solution obtained in step b);
d. denaturing and gelling the whey protein by heating the aqueous solution of hydrated whey protein obtained in step c) to a temperature above 76° C., the heating is applied to the aqueous solution such that the denatured and gelled whey protein has more than 90% beta-lactoglobulin denaturation;
e. drying the denatured and gelled whey protein obtained in step d) to form dry whey protein aggregate; and
f. reducing the dry whey protein aggregate to a particle powder.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the whey protein aggregate particles are added in a concentration of at least 1.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the foamed edible composition.
11. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the whey protein aggregate particles are used in a concentration of at least 1.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the foam.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the whey protein dispersed in the aqueous medium comprises whey protein isolate.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least 90% by volume of the whey protein aggregate particles have a particle size of at least 5 μm, and at least 90% by volume of the whey protein aggregate particles have a particle size of at most 50 μm.
14. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the whey protein aggregate particles are added to an edible composition comprising casein.
15. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the whey protein aggregate particles are 3 wt. % to 6 wt. % of the edible foam.
16. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the whey protein aggregate particles are added to an edible composition comprising casein.
17. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the edible composition comprises casein.
18. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the edible composition comprises casein.
19. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the adjusted pH of the aqueous solution in step b) is at least 7.5.
20. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the adjusted pH of the aqueous solution in step b) is at least 8.0.