Process for stabilizing an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion
A process for the preparation of at least one ARN acid or salt thereof comprising: (I) allowing at least one ARN acid salt to form during the production of crude oil in the presence of water; (II) removing at least 5 wt % of the formed at least one ARN acid salt, e.g. from the oil water interface; and optionally (III) converting said salt into an acid.
1. A process for preparing a food comprising:
(I) allowing at least one ARN acid salt to form during the production of crude oil in the presence of water;
(II) removing at least 5 wt % of the formed at least one ARN acid salt;
(III) optionally converting said salt into an acid;
(IV) optionally functionalizing the carboxyl groups of said ARN acid salt or said acid to change the polarity/charge on the molecule and form an ARN acid derivative; and
(V) adding said ARN acid salt, said acid or said ARN acid derivative to a food.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least 5 wt % of the formed at least one ARN acid salt is removed from the oil water interface.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein said salt is a calcium salt.
4. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pH of step (I) is at least 5.
5. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pressure during ARN acid salt formation is ambient.
6. A process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the ARN acid content of the crude oil is at least 10 ppm.
7. A process for preparing a lubricant comprising:
(I) allowing at least one ARN acid salt to form during the production of crude oil in the presence of water;
(II) removing at least 5 wt % of the formed at least one ARN acid salt;
(III) optionally converting said salt into an acid; and
(IV) functionalizing the carboxyl groups of said ARN acid salt or said acid to form an ester or amide group.
8. A process as claimed in claim 7 , wherein at least 5 wt % of the formed at least one ARN acid salt is removed from the oil water interface.
9. A process as claimed in claim 7 wherein said salt is a calcium salt.
10. A process as claimed in claim 7 wherein the pH of step (I) is at least 5.
11. A process as claimed in claim 7 wherein the pressure during ARN acid salt formation is ambient.
12. A process as claimed in claim 7 wherein the ARN acid content of the crude oil is at least 10 ppm.
13. A process for preparing a food comprising:
(I) allowing at least one ARN acid salt to form during the production of crude oil in the presence of water;
(II) removing at least 5 wt % of the formed at least one ARN acid salt;
(III) if necessary, removing water or oil from the ARN acid salt;
(IV) acidifying said ARN acid salt to form an ARN acid;
(V) optionally cleaning said ARN acid;
(VI) optionally functionalizing the carboxyl groups of said ARN acid to change the polarity/charge on the molecule and form an ARN acid derivative; and
(V) adding said ARN acid or said ARN acid derivative to a food.
14. A process as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the water or oil is removed from said ARN acid salt in step (III) by azeotropic distillation.
15. A process as claimed in claim 13 , wherein step (V) is carried out by passing said ARN acid through an ion exchange column.
16. A process as claimed in claim 13 wherein said salt is a calcium salt.
17. A process as claimed in claim 13 wherein the pH of step (I) is at least 5.
18. A process as claimed in claim 13 wherein the pressure during ARN acid salt formation is ambient.
19. A process as claimed in claim 13 wherein the ARN acid content of the crude oil is at least 10 ppm.
20. A process for preparing a lubricant comprising:
(I) allowing at least one ARN acid salt to form during the production of crude oil in the presence of water;
(II) removing at least 5 wt % of the formed at least one ARN acid salt;
(III) if necessary, removing water or oil from the ARN acid salt;
(IV) acidifying said ARN acid salt to form an ARN acid;
(V) optionally cleaning said ARN acid; and
(VI) functionalizing the carboxyl groups of said ARN acid to form an ester or amide group.
21. A process as claimed in claim 20 , wherein the water or oil is removed from said ARN acid salt in step (III) by azeotropic distillation.
22. A process as claimed in claim 20 , wherein step (V) is carried out by passing said ARN acid through an ion exchange column.
23. A process as claimed in claim 20 wherein said salt is a calcium salt.
24. A process as claimed in claim 20 wherein the pH of step (I) is at least 5.
25. A process as claimed in claim 20 wherein the pressure during ARN acid salt formation is ambient.
26. A process as claimed in claim 20 wherein the ARN acid content of the crude oil is at least 10 ppm.
27. A process for preparing a food comprising
(I) adding at least one metal ion to a crude oil at a pH of at least 5 so as to form an ARN acid salt;
(II) separating at least a part of the formed ARN acid salt from the crude oil;
(III) optionally converting said salt into an acid;
(IV) optionally functionalizing the carboxyl groups of said ARN acid salt or said acid to change the polarity/charge on the molecule and form an ARN acid derivative; and
(V) adding said ARN acid salt, said acid or said ARN acid derivative to a food.
28. A process as claimed in claim 27 wherein said metal ion is a calcium ion.
29. A process as claimed in claim 27 wherein the pressure during ARN acid salt formation is ambient.
30. A process as claimed in claim 27 wherein the ARN acid content of the crude oil is at least 10 ppm.
31. A process for preparing a lubricant comprising
(I) adding at least one metal ion to a crude oil at a pH of at least 5 so as to form an ARN acid salt;
(II) separating at least a part of the formed ARN acid salt from the crude oil;
(III) optionally converting said salt into an acid; and
(IV) functionalizing the carboxyl groups of said ARN acid salt or said acid to form an ester or amide group.
32. A process as claimed in claim 31 wherein said metal ion is a calcium ion.
33. A process as claimed in claim 31 wherein the pressure during ARN acid salt formation is ambient.
34. A process as claimed in claim 31 wherein the ARN acid content of the crude oil is at least 10 ppm.