Method of carrying out a chemical reaction with the use of a catalyst
An exemplary embodiment provides for a method of conducting a chemical reaction involving the powder catalyst, in particular ferromagnetic catalyst. The method is characterized in that while conducting a chemical reaction, particles of the catalyst comprising a ferromagnetic material are put into oscillation by the oscillating magnetic field with a frequency greater than 0.1 Hz and a magnetic field induction greater than 0.01 mT. Oscillating magnetic field here is a field the induction vector of which changes its direction in time. Putting catalyst particles into oscillation increases the efficiency of the chemical reaction by several dozen to several hundred percent.
1. A method comprising
(a) conducting a chemical reaction comprising ammonia synthesis, including exposing to a reaction chamber:
reactants,
wherein the reactants include a reaction gas,
wherein the reaction gas comprises a stoichiometric composition of 75% hydrogen and 25% nitrogen, molar percent, and
a catalyst,
wherein the catalyst comprises ferromagnetic iron powder,
(b) concurrently with at least a portion of (a), setting and maintaining a pressure of the reaction chamber at 10 MPa and setting and maintaining a temperature of the reaction chamber at 400° C.,
wherein the reaction occurs at the set temperature and pressure,
(c) during at least a portion of (a) applying an external oscillating magnetic field of 10 mT and 333 Hz to the chemical reactants and catalyst undergoing the chemical reaction.
2. A method comprising:
(a) conducting a chemical reaction comprising oxydation to form aldehyde groups, including
(i) introducing to a reaction chamber a reactant of 42% aqueous suspension of potato starch,
(ii) setting the reaction chamber including the aqueous suspension of potato starch introduced therein in (a)(i), at a temperature of 40° C. and at atmospheric pressure for 15 minutes,
(iii) during at least a portion of (a)(ii), adding to the reaction chamber a catalyst in the form of ferromagnetic iron,
(iv) subsequent to (a)(ii) adding drop wise to the reaction chamber, a reactant of 30% hydrogen peroxide solution until the concentration is 2 g/100 g in starch dry matter,
(b) subsequent to (a)(iv), setting the temperature of the reaction chamber at 40° C. for 60 minutes,
(c) during at least a portion of (a), applying an oscillating external magnetic field of 500 mT and 2 Hz to the reaction chamber.
3. A method comprising
(a) conducting a chemical reaction comprising oxidation of CO to CO 2 , including:
(i) introducing into a reaction chamber set at a temperature of 20° C. and a pressure of 0.1 MPa reactants,
wherein the reactants comprise 1% CO and 99% air,
(ii) adding a catalyst to the reaction chamber,
wherein the catalyst comprises powdered iron particles coated with platinum,
(b) during at least a portion of (a) applying an external oscillating magnetic field of 10 mT and 333 Hz to the chemical reactants and catalyst undergoing the chemical reaction.
4. A method comprising
(a) conducting a chemical reaction comprising decomposing hydrogen into ions and electrons in a fuel cell
wherein the fuel cell includes
polymeric electrolyte, and
electrodes, wherein the electrodes include surface portions, wherein the surface portions are adjacent to the polymeric electrolyte,
wherein the electrode surface portions include a powder comprised of iron nanoparticles in an amount of 5 mg/cm 2 on the surface portions,
(b) during at least a portion of (a), applying an external oscillating magnetic field of 15 mT and 333 Hz to the fuel cell.