Explosive-containing porous materials as non-detonable training aid
A training aid for use in training canines to detect an explosive material includes an explosive material adsorbed in the pores of a high surface area mesoporous or nanoporous host material. By adjusting the surfaces of the pores of the substrate material, the substrate can accommodate various types of explosive materials in a non-detonable and non-flammable manner, including nitroaromatics, nitroamines, nitrate-based explosives, and peroxide-based explosives. When the training aid is in an unsealed condition, a continuous flux of explosive material is released without providing any explosive or flame hazard to the trainer and canine.
1. An explosive material vapor source for use in training and as a reference, the explosive material vapor source comprising:
a first amount of an explosive material; and
an inorganic mesoporous non-volatile substrate including pores sized to accommodate the first amount of the explosive material, so that when loaded with the first amount of the explosive material, the explosive material vapor source is non-detonable and emits a detectable vapor at a flux that is at least equal to that of the flux of vapor emitted by the explosive material not loaded onto said substrate.
2. The explosive material vapor source according to claim 1 , wherein said explosive material vapor source comprises a loading of the first amount of the explosive material of up to 25% by mass.
3. The explosive material vapor source according to claim 1 , wherein said explosive material vapor source comprises no decomposition products of said explosive material.
4. The explosive material vapor source according to claim 1 , wherein said inorganic mesoporous non-volatile substrate comprises a silica material or a ceramic metal oxide material.
5. The explosive material vapor source according to claim 1 , wherein said inorganic mesoporous non-volatile substrate is in a form selected from the group consisting of a circular disc, a pellet, a bead, and a powder.
6. The explosive material vapor source according to claim 1 , wherein said pores are in a range of 2 nm to 15 nm in diameter.
7. The explosive material vapor source according to claim 1 , wherein said detectable vapor is emitted for at least 4 hours during use of said explosive material vapor source.
8. The explosive material vapor source according to claim 1 , wherein said explosive material vapor source is non-detonable when exposed to a temperature at or above a thermal decomposition temperature of the explosive material, non-detonable by impact force, non-detonable by friction, or non-detonable by flame.
9. A training aid comprising:
an inorganic mesoporous substrate material; and
an explosive material loaded onto the surface of the pores of the inorganic mesoporous substrate material;
wherein said explosive material is non-detonable and non-flammable and emits a detectable vapor at a flux that is at least equal to that of the flux of vapor emitted by a second greater detonable amount of the explosive material not loaded onto said substrate.
10. The training aid according to claim 9 , wherein said explosive material vapor source comprises no decomposition products of said explosive material.
11. The training aid according to claim 9 , wherein said detectable vapor is emitted for at least 4 hours during use of said explosive material vapor source.
12. The explosive material vapor source according to claim 1 , wherein said explosive material vapor source emits a detectable vapor at a flux that is at least equal to that of the flux of vapor emitted by a second greater detonable amount of the explosive material not loaded onto said substrate.
13. A non-detonable composition comprising
an explosive material; and
an inorganic mesoporous non-volatile substrate into the pores of which said explosive material has been loaded, thereby rendering said explosive material non-detonable by impact force, flame, friction, or exposure to temperature above the thermal decomposition temperature of said explosive material.
14. The non-detonable composition according to claim 13 , wherein said composition comprises up to 25% by mass of said explosive material.
15. The non-detonable composition according to claim 13 , wherein said inorganic mesoporous non-volatile substrate comprises a silica material or a ceramic metal oxide material.
16. The non-detonable composition according to claim 13 disposed within a sealed container.
17. The non-detonable composition according to claim 16 , wherein said composition emits a continuous flux of vapor of said explosive material for a period of at least 4 hours when said container is unsealed.
18. The non-detonable composition according to claim 13 , wherein said explosive material is present at a first amount, said composition emits a first flux of vapor of said explosive material, and said first flux mimics a second flux of vapor emitted from a detonable second amount of said explosive material not loaded onto said substrate.
19. The training aid according to claim 1 , wherein said training aid comprises up to 25% by mass of said explosive material.
20. The training aid according to claim 1 , wherein said inorganic mesoporous non-volatile substrate comprises a silica material or a ceramic metal oxide material.