Polyacrylamide slurry for fracturing fluids
The present disclosure relates to fracturing fluids that use friction reducers. The composition of the present disclosure is a slurry comprising a water-soluble polymer suspended in an oil-based vehicle with the aid of a suspension agent and a surfactant. Specifically, the water-soluble polymer is polyacrylamide and the oil-based vehicle is petroleum distillate. The surfactant is an ethoxylated nonionic emulsifier. The surfactant can be a fatty chain EO/PO (ethylene oxide propylene oxide) and/or oxylated propoxy copolymer. The suspension aid is any variation of diblock copolymers based on styrene and ethylene/propylene. The composition may also contain a dispersant such as organophilic clay or a synthetic alternative as the suspension agent.
1. A slurry composition comprising:
an oil-based vehicle comprising:
a petroleum distillate,
a nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of a fatty chain ethylene
oxide and propylene oxide copolymer, an oxylated propoxy copolymer, and mixtures thereof,
a suspending agent comprising a linear diblock copolymer based on styrene and
ethylene/propylene, and
no white medicinal oil, and
a water-soluble polymer comprising water-soluble polyacrylamide particles, wherein:
the particles become coated with the petroleum distillate and the surfactant in the slurry,
the coating reduces particle-to-particle cohesion,
the suspending agent suspends the coated polyacrylamide particles in the oil-based vehicle
and reduces particle settling, and
when the slurry is exposed to a water source in the presence of a proppant to form a
fracturing fluid, the coating improves hydration rates and the oil-based vehicle improves
proppant carrier properties and reduces friction properties of the fracturing fluid.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the particulate water-soluble polyacrylamide is present in an amount from 20% to 55%,
the petroleum distillate is present in an amount from 45% to 70%,
the nonionic surfactant is present in an amount from 1% to 5%, and
the suspension agent is present in an amount from 1% to 5%.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the particulate water-soluble polyacrylamide comprises a dry powder,
the particulate water-soluble polyacrylamide has a molecular weight greater than or equal to 12 million, and
the particles of the particulate water-soluble polyacrylamide have a size ranging from 75 mesh (200 μm) to 200 mesh (74 μm).
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the particulate water-soluble polyacrylamide comprises a particulate nonionic polyacrylamide, a particulate cationic polyacrylamide, an particulate anionic polyacrylamide, or a particulate zwitterionic polyacrylamide.
5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the particulate water-soluble polyacrylamide is hydrophilic.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the proppant comprises sand.
7. A fracturing fluid composition comprising;
a proppant carrier fluid including:
a slurry including:
an oil-based vehicle comprising:
a petroleum distillate,
a nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of a fatty chain ethylene oxide and propylene oxide copolymer, an oxylated propoxy copolymer, and mixtures thereof,
a suspending agent comprising a linear diblock copolymer based on styrene and ethylene/propylene, and no white medicinal oil, and
a particulate water-soluble polymer comprising water-soluble polyacrylamide particles,
a proppant, and
a water source selected from the group consisting of fresh water, brackish water, salt water,
sea water, produced water, flowback water, or combinations thereof,
wherein:
the particles become coated with the petroleum distillate and the surfactant,
the coating reduces particle-to-particle cohesion,
the suspending agent suspends the coated polyacrylamide particles in the oil-based vehicle and reduces particle settling,
the coating improves hydration rates of the slurry when exposed to the water source in the presence of the proppant,
the proppant carrier fluid improves proppant carrier properties, and the water-soluble polymer reduces friction properties of the fracturing fluid.
8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the proppant comprises sand.
9. The composition of claim 7 , wherein:
the particulate water-soluble polyacrylamide is present in an amount from 20% to 55%,
the petroleum distillate is present in an amount from 45% to 70%,
the nonionic surfactant is present in an amount from 1% to 5%, and
the suspension agent is present in an amount from 1% to 5%.
10. The composition of claim 7 , wherein:
the particulate water-soluble polyacrylamide comprises a dry powder,
the particulate water-soluble polyacrylamide has a molecular weight greater than or equal to 12 million, and
the particles of the particulate water-soluble polyacrylamide have a size ranging from 75 mesh (200 μm) to 200 mesh (74 μm).
11. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the water-soluble polyacrylamide comprises a nonionic polyacrylamide, a cationic polyacrylamide, an anionic polyacrylamide, or a zwitterionic polyacrylamide.
12. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the water-soluble polyacrylamide is hydrophilic.
13. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the slurry is present in the fracturing fluid in an amount between 0.1 gpt and 0.5 gpt.
14. A method of treating a subterranean formation comprising
hydrating a slurry comprising:
a water-soluble polyacrylamide suspended in an oil-based vehicle comprising:
a petroleum distillate,
an ethoxylated nonionic emulsifier surfactant,
a dispersant comprising a linear diblock copolymer based on styrene and
ethylene/propylene, and
no white medicinal oil, and
with a water selected from the group consisting of fresh water, brackish water, salt water, sea water, produced water, flowback water, and combinations thereof to form a proppant carrier fluid;
adding a proppant to the proppant carrier fluid to form a fracturing fluid; and
delivering the fracturing fluid to the subterranean formation,
wherein:
the particles become coated with the petroleum distillate and the surfactant,
the coating reduces particle-to-particle cohesion,
the suspending agent suspends the coated polyacrylamide particles in the oil-based vehicle and reduces particle settling,
the coating improves hydration rates of the slurry when exposed to the water source in the presence of the proppant,
the proppant carrier fluid improves proppant carrier properties, and
the water-soluble polymer reduces friction properties of the fracturing fluid.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein, in the hydrating step:
the particulate water-soluble polyacrylamide is present in an amount from 20% to 55%,
the petroleum distillate is present in an amount from 45% to 70%,
the nonionic surfactant is present in an amount from 1% to 5%, and
the suspension agent is present in an amount from 1% to 5%.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein in the hydrating step:
the proppant comprises sand,
the particulate water-soluble polyacrylamide comprises a dry powder,
the particulate water-soluble polyacrylamide has a molecular weight greater than or equal to 12 million, and
the particles of the particulate water-soluble polyacrylamide have a size ranging from 75 mesh (200 μm) to 200 mesh (74 μm).
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein in the hydrating step, the water-soluble polyacrylamide comprises a nonionic polyacrylamide, a cationic polyacrylamide, an anionic polyacrylamide, or a zwitterionic polyacrylamide.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein in the hydrating step, the water-soluble polyacrylamide is hydrophilic.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein in the hydrating step, the slurry is present in the fracturing fluid in an amount between 0.1 gpt and 0.5 gpt.