Sulfur scavenging materials
Materials which react with (“scavenge”) sulfur compounds, such as hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans, are useful for limiting sulfur-induced corrosion. Surface-modified particles incorporating a hexahydrotriazine moiety are disclosed and used as sulfur scavengers. These surface-modified particles are used a filter media in fixed filter systems and as additives to fluids including sulfur compounds. The hexahydrotriazine moiety can react with sulfur compounds in such a manner as to bind sulfur atoms to the surface-modified particles, thus allowing removal of the sulfur atoms from fluids such as crude oil, natural gas, hydrocarbon combustion exhaust gases, sulfur polluted air and water. The surface-modified particles may, in general, be sized to allow separation of the particles from the process fluid by sedimentation, size-exclusion filtration or the like.
1. A filter medium, comprising:
a hexahydrotriazine moiety having the structure
a plurality of particles that are linked to the hexahydrotriazine moiety via a covalent bond to a first nitrogen atom in the hexahydrotriazine moiety.
2. The filter medium of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of particles is monodisperse in size.
3. The filter medium of claim 1 , further comprising a filter body having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, wherein the plurality of particles is disposed in the filter body.
4. The filter medium of claim 1 , further comprising a substrate, wherein the plurality of particles is coated on the substrate.
5. The filter medium of claim 4 , wherein the substrate is an interior wall of a pipe.
6. A fluid vessel having a fluid-contacting surface coated with the filter medium of claim 1 .
7. The filter medium of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of particles are spherical-shaped particles.
8. The filter medium of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of particles are silica particles.
9. The filter medium of claim 1 , wherein a second nitrogen atom of the hexahydrotriazine moiety is bonded to a first electron-donating group comprising an aromatic moiety, and a third nitrogen atom of the hexahydrotriazine moiety is bonded to a second electron-donating group comprising an aromatic moiety.
10. The filter medium of claim 9 , wherein the first electron-donating group is a N,N-dimethylamino-p-phenyl group.
11. A filter, comprising:
a filter body;
a fluid inlet on the filter body;
a fluid outlet on the filter body; and
a filter medium in the filter body, the filter medium comprising a plurality of particles that are linked to a hexahydrotriazine moiety via a covalent bond to a first nitrogen atom of the hexahydrotriazine moiety, the hexahydrotriazine moiety having the structure
12. The filter of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of particles are silica particles.
13. The filter of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of particles is monodisperse in size.
14. The filter of claim 11 , wherein the first nitrogen atom is attached to a particle of the plurality of particles by a hydrocarbon linkage.
15. The filter of claim 14 , wherein the hydrocarbon linkage is a straight-chain alkyl group.
16. The filter of claim 11 , wherein a second nitrogen atom of at least one hexahydrotriazine moiety is bonded to a first electron-donating group comprising an aromatic moiety, and a third nitrogen atom of the at least one hexahydrotriazine moiety is bonded to a second electron-donating group comprising an aromatic moiety.