Methods and compositions for concrete production
The invention provides compositions and methods directed to carbonation of a cement mix during mixing. The carbonation may be controlled by one or more feedback mechanisms to adjust carbon dioxide delivery based on one or more characteristics of the mix or other aspects of the mixing operation.
1. A system for carbonating a cement mix at a mix site comprising
(i) a mixer for mixing the cement mix;
(ii) an apparatus to deliver carbon dioxide to the cement mix while the mix is mixing;
(iii) a telemetry system to transmit information regarding the cement mix to a central location remote from the mix site, wherein the central location stores data regarding the cement mix for use in future cement mixes and/or for use in modification of the same or similar cement mix in the mixer or in other mixers.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the mixer is a stationary mixer.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein the mixer is a transportable mixer.
4. The system of claim 3 wherein the transportable mixer comprises a drum of a ready mix truck.
5. The system of claim 1 comprising a plurality of mix sites at a plurality of locations, each of which comprises a mixer for mixing a cement mix, an apparatus for carbonating the cement mix while it is mixing, and a telemetry system for transmitting information regarding the cement mix to a central location wherein the central location stores data regarding the cement mix for use in future cement mixes and/or for use in modification of a future cement mix of the same or similar cement mix in the mixer or in other mixers.
6. The system of claim 5 wherein the plurality of mixers comprises at least 3 different mixers at 3 different locations.
7. The system of claim 1 wherein the information regarding the cement mix comprises information regarding carbon dioxide uptake of the cement mix, rheology of the cement mix at one or more time points, strength of the cement mix at one or more time points, shrinkage of the cement mix, water absorption of the cement mix, elastic modulus of the cement mix, density of the cement mix, permeability of the cement mix, calcite content of the cement mix, or a combination thereof.
8. The system of claim 7 wherein the information comprises information regarding rheology of the cement mix at one or more time points, strength of the cement mix at one or more time points, or a combination thereof.
9. The system of claim 1 wherein the modification of a future cement mix comprises modification of (a) total amount of carbon dioxide added to the cement mix, (b) rate of addition of carbon dioxide, (c) time of addition of carbon dioxide to the cement mix, (d) whether or not an admixture is added to the cement mix, (e) type of admixture added to the cement mix, (f) timing of addition of admixture to the cement mix, (g) amount of admixture added to the cement mix, (h) amount of water added to the cement mix, (i) timing of addition of water to the cement mix, (j) cooling the cement mix during or after carbon dioxide addition, or a combination thereof.
10. The system of claim 9 wherein the modification of a future cement mix comprises modification of total amount of carbon dioxide added to the cement mix.
11. The system of claim 2 wherein the stationary mixer is a batch mixer in a ready-mix operation.
12. The system of claim 5 wherein each of the mix sites comprises one or more sensors and/or one or more controllers that send information to the telemetry system for the mix site to be sent to a controller at the central location.
13. The system of claim 12 wherein the controller at the central location is configured to process the information transmitted by the sensors and/or controllers and provide updated and/or modified mix instruction to the cement mix operations.
14. The system of claim 5 wherein the controller at the central location is configured to learn from the transmitted information and to provide updated and/or modified information to the mix operations based on said learning.
15. The system of claim 6 wherein the plurality of mixers comprises at least 10 separate mixers.
16. The system of claim 1 further comprising a human machine interface (HMI) for inputing information manually to be sent via the telemetry system to the central location.
17. The system of claim 1 wherein the apparatus to deliver carbon dioxide to the mixer is configured to convert liquid carbon dioxide to solid and gaseous carbon dioxide and deliver the mixture to the cement mix.
18. The system of claim 17 wherein the apparatus is configured to deliver a mixture of solid and gaseous carbon dioxide to the mixer in a ratio of 1:2 to 2:1 solid:gaseous carbon dioxide.
19. The system of claim 17 configured to deliver the carbon dioxide to the cement mix in a dose of 0.01-15% by weight cement (bwc).
20. The system of claim 1 wherein the apparatus to deliver carbon dioxide to the cement mix is configured to deliver carbon dioxide to the surface of the cement mix from an opening or plurality of openings that are at least 100 cm from the surface of the cement mix.