Continuous methods for treating liquids and manufacturing certain constituents (e.g., nanoparticles) in liquids, apparatuses and nanoparticles and nanoparticle/liquid solution(s) resulting therefrom
This invention relates generally to novel methods and novel devices for the continuous manufacture of nanoparticles, microparticles and nanoparticle/liquid solution(s). The nanoparticles (and/or micron-sized particles) comprise a variety of possible compositions, sizes and shapes. The particles (e.g., nanoparticles) are caused to be present (e.g., created and/or the liquid is predisposed to their presence (e.g., conditioned)) in a liquid (e.g., water) by, for example, preferably utilizing at least one adjustable plasma (e.g., created by at least one AC and/or DC power source), which plasma communicates with at least a portion of a surface of the liquid. At least one subsequent and/or substantially simultaneous adjustable electrochemical processing technique is also preferred. Multiple adjustable plasmas and/or adjustable electrochemical processing techniques are preferred. The continuous process causes at least one liquid to flow into, through and out of at least one trough member, such liquid being processed, conditioned and/or effected in said trough member(s). Results include constituents formed in the liquid including micron-sized particles and/or nanoparticles (e.g., metallic-based nanoparticles) of novel size, shape, composition, zeta potential and properties present in a liquid.
1. A process for creating silver and zinc constituents in water comprising:
flowing heated water at a temperature of about 66° C. through at least one first trough member, said heated water having an upper surface and a flow direction;
providing at least one plasma-forming electrode comprising metallic silver;
creating at least one plasma between said at least one plasma-forming electrode and at least a portion of said upper surface of said heated water;
providing at least one set of electrodes comprising silver in contact with said heated water and located downstream in said flow direction from said at least one plasma-forming electrode;
conducting at least one electrochemical reaction at said at least one set of electrodes comprising silver to produce at least some silver constituents within said heated water;
flowing a second heated water at a temperature of about 68° C. through at least one second trough member, said second heated water having an upper surface and a flow direction;
providing at least one zinc electrode set comprising a plasma-forming electrode comprising zinc and a liquid-contacting electrode comprising zinc;
creating at least one plasma between said at least one plasma-forming electrode comprising zinc and at least a portion of said upper surface of said second heated water to produce at least some zinc constituents in said second heated water from said at least one zinc electrode set;
mixing together said at least some silver constituents within said heated water and said at least some zinc constituents within said second heated water.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said at least one first trough member comprises a conduit with at least one inlet and at least one outlet which permits said heated water to flow therein and said at least one second trough member comprises a conduit with at least one inlet and at least one outlet which permits said second heated water to flow therein.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein each said at least one plasma comprises an adjustable plasma.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein each said at least one plasma-forming electrode provides at least one species therefrom that is present in said at least one plasma.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein said at least some silver constituents comprise metallic nanoparticles.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein said at least some silver constituents comprise metallic ions.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein said at least some zinc constituents comprise metallic ions.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least one first power source is connected electrically between said at least one set of electrodes comprising silver to cause said at least one electrochemical reaction to occur within said heated water.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least one first power source is provided between said plasma-forming electrode comprising zinc, and said liquid-contacting electrode comprising zinc to cause said at least one electrochemical reaction to occur.
10. The process of claim 1 , further comprising at least one control device for adjusting the location of said at least one set of electrodes comprising silver relative to the surface of the heated water.
11. The process of claim 1 , further comprising at least one control device for adjusting the location of said at least one set of electrodes comprising silver relative to the surface of the heated water.
12. The process of claim 10 , wherein said at least one control device maintains a substantially constant voltage across said at least one set of electrodes comprising silver by adjusting the amount of contact of said electrodes comprising silver with said flowing heated water.
13. The process of claim 10 , wherein said at least one control device maintains a substantially constant voltage across said at least one zinc electrode set by adjusting the location of said plasma-forming electrode comprising zinc relative to the upper surface of said second heated water.
14. The process of claim 12 , wherein said substantially constant voltage is maintained within a range of 630-1550 Volts.
15. The process of claim 13 , wherein said substantially constant voltage is maintained within a range of 600-1880 Volts.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein said at least one set of electrodes comprising silver comprises at least four sets of electrodes comprising silver.
17. The process of claim 1 , wherein said at least one zinc electrode set comprises at least four sets of electrodes comprising metallic zinc.
18. The process of claim 1 , wherein said at least one first trough member with said at least one second trough member together comprise a top portion of a “Y”-shape, and said at least some silver constituents and said at least some zinc constituents mix together at the bottom portion of the “Y”-shaped trough.
19. The process of claim 18 , wherein another at least one electrode set comprising a plasma-forming electrode and a liquid-contacting electrode create at least one plasma in said base portion of the “Y”-shaped trough.
20. The process of claim 1 , wherein said mixing together occurs by separately collecting outputs from each of said first and second trough members and mixing together such collected outputs in another vessel.
21. A process for creating silver and zinc constituents in water comprising:
flowing water through at least one first trough member, said water having an upper surface and a flow direction;
providing at least one plasma-forming electrode comprising metallic silver;
creating at least one plasma between said at least one plasma-forming electrode and at least a portion of said upper surface of said water;
providing at least one set of electrodes comprising silver in contact with said water and located downstream in said flow direction from said at least one plasma-forming electrode;
conducting at least one electrochemical reaction at said at least one set of electrodes comprising silver to produce at least some silver constituents within said water;
flowing a second heated water at a temperature of about 68° C. through at least one second trough member, said second heated water having an upper surface and a flow direction;
providing at least one zinc electrode set comprising a plasma-forming electrode comprising zinc and a liquid-contacting electrode comprising zinc;
creating at least one plasma between said at least one plasma-forming electrode comprising zinc and at least a portion of said upper surface of said second heated water to produce at least some zinc constituents in said second heated water from said at least one zinc electrode set;
mixing together said at least some silver constituents within said water and said at least some zinc constituents within said second heated water.
22. The process of claim 21 , wherein said at least some silver constituents comprise metallic nanoparticles.
23. The process of claim 21 , wherein said at least some silver constituents comprise metallic ions.
24. The process of claim 21 , wherein said mixing together occurs by separately collecting outputs from each of said first and second trough members and mixing together such collected outputs in another vessel.