Random number generator by superparamagnetism
A system according to one embodiment includes a pinned layer; a spacer layer above the pinned layer; a free layer above the spacer layer; a heating device, for heating the free layer to induce a paramagnetic thermal instability in the free layer whereby a magnetization of the free layer randomly switches between different detectable magnetic states upon heating thereof; and a magnetoresistance detection circuit for detecting an instantaneous magnetic state of the free layer.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a pinned layer;
a spacer layer above the pinned layer;
a free layer above the spacer layer;
a heating device spaced apart from a width and length of the free layer and surrounding the free layer along the width and the length, the heating device configured to apply heat to the free layer to induce a paramagnetic thermal instability in the free layer and randomly switch a magnetization of the free layer between different detectable magnetic states upon heating; and
a magnetoresistance detection circuit for detecting an instantaneous magnetic state of the free layer.
2. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the free layer has one of binary anisotropy and random anisotropy.
3. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the length of the free layer is greater than the width of the free layer.
4. The apparatus as recited in claim 3 , wherein an aspect ratio of the length to the width of the free layer is between about 1.1 to about 3.
5. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a controller for controlling the heating device.
6. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a device for generating a random number from one or more of the detected instantaneous magnetic states of the free layer.
7. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , further comprising:
at least a second pinned layer;
at least a second spacer layer above the at least a second pinned layer;
at least a second free layer above the at least a second spacer layer; and
at least a second magnetoresistance detection circuit for detecting an instantaneous magnetic state of the at least a second free layer.
8. The apparatus as recited in claim 7 , further comprising a device for generating a random number from one or more of the detected instantaneous magnetic states of the free layer and the at least a second free layer.
9. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , further comprising a second heating device for further heating the free layer to induce the paramagnetic thermal instability in the free layer.
10. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the heating device is a device selected from a group of devices consisting of a laser, a near field transducer, and a heating coil.
11. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , further comprising:
at least one additional spacer layer over the pinned layer;
an additional free layer over each of the at least one additional spacer layer; and
an additional heating device for each of the at least one additional free layer, the additional heating device spaced apart and offset from a width of the at least one additional free layer.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the spacer layer and the at least one additional spacer layer are separated from one another by a gap over the pinned layer.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the spacer layer is a non-magnetic spacer layer, and wherein the heating device is above the non-magnetic spacer layer.
14. A method comprising:
heating a free layer of a device having a pinned layer, a spacer layer above the pinned layer and the free layer above the spacer layer, the heating being sufficient to induce a paramagnetic thermal instability in the free layer for randomly switching a magnetization of the free layer between different detectable magnetic states, wherein the heating is performed by a heating device that is spaced apart from a width and length of the free layer and surrounds the free layer along the width and the length;
detecting one or more instantaneous magnetic states of the free layer using a magnetoresistance detection circuit; and
generating a random number from the one or more instantaneous magnetic states of the free layer.
15. The method as recited in claim 14 , wherein the free layer has binary anisotropy.
16. The method as recited in claim 14 , wherein the length of the free layer is greater than a width of the free layer.
17. The method as recited in claim 16 , wherein an aspect ratio of the length to the width of the free layer is between about 1.1 to about 3.
18. The method as recited in claim 14 , wherein the free layer has random anisotropy.
19. The method as recited in claim 14 , further comprising generating a random number from the one or more detected instantaneous magnetic states of the free layer and at least a second free layer.
20. The method as recited in claim 14 , wherein the heating device is a device selected from a group of devices consisting of a laser, a near field transducer, and a heating coil.