Controlled crosslinking of latex polymers with polyfunctional amines
The latex polymer compositions of the present invention exhibit latent crosslinking properties. Latent crosslinking in the polymers takes advantage of the fast interaction between the anionic latex charge and the cationic charge associated with polyfunctional amine crosslinkers. Once the latex is coated onto a substrate, the volatile base evaporates and the groups react to form a crosslinked coating with improved wash-off properties.
1. A paint formulation comprising a latex and a polyfunctional amine crosslinking agent with recurring units derived from the reaction of one tri-glycidyl moiety and a single di-, or tri-functional amino monomers, or combination of mono/bi, mono/tri, mono/tetra, bi/bi, bi/tri, bi/tetra, tri/tri, tri/tetra, and tetra/tetra functional amino monomers result in a polyfunctional amine of formula (I-x):
wherein J is a substituent that is the result of a ring-opening reaction during nucleophilic substitution of a bi- or tri-glycidyl moiety,
R1 is selected from the group consisting of: dimethyl amine, diethyl amine, diethanol amine, dipropyl amine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, 1-methyl piperazine, N,N,N-trimethyl-1,2-ethane diamine, N,N,N, triethyl-1,2-ethane diamine, N-methyl-N,N-diethyl-1,2-ethane diamine, N-ethyl-N,N-dimethyl-1,2-ethane diamine, N-methyl-N,N-diethyl-1,3-propane diamine, N-ethyl-N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propane diamine, methyl amine, ethyl amine, 1-propyl amine, ethanol amine, 2-propyl amine, 1-butyl amine, 2-butyl amine, 2-methyl-2-propyl amine, piperazine, N,N-dimethyl-ethyl diamine, N,N-diethyl-ethyl diamine, N,N-dimethyl propyl diamine, N,N-diethyl-propyl diamine, N,N-dimethyl amino propylene amine, N,N-dimethyl ethylene amine, N,N-diethyl amino propylene amine, N,N-diethylamino ethylene amine, amino ethyl-piperazine, N-methyl-1,2-ethane diamine, N-ethyl-1,2-ethane diamine, N-methyl-1,3-propane diamine, N-ethyl-1,3-propane diamine, 1,2-diamine ethane, 1,3-diamino propane, 1,4-diamino butane, cadaverine, cystamine, 1,6-diamino hexane, 1,2-diamine benzene, 1,3-diamino benzene, 1,4-diamino benzene, 1,4-diamino butanol, 4,4-diamino-3-hydroxy butanoic acid, 5-amino-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexanemethylamine,2,2′-oxybis ethanamine, alanine, and lysine,
R2 is selected from group consisting of methyl amine, ethyl amine, 1-propyl amine, ethanol amine, 2-propyl amine, 1-butyl amine, 2-butyl amine, 2-methyl-2-propyl amine, piperazine, N,N-dimethyl-ethyl diamine, N,N-diethyl-ethyl diamine, N,N-dimethyl propyl diamine, N,N-diethyl-propyl diamine, N,N-dimethyl amino propylene amine, N,N-dimethyl ethylene amine, N,N-diethyl amino propylene amine, N,N-diethylamino ethylene amine, amino ethyl-piperazine, N-methyl-1,2-ethane diamine, N-ethyl-1,2-ethane diamine, N-methyl-1,3-propane diamine, N-ethyl-1,3-propane diamine, 1,2-diamine ethane, 1,3-diamino propane, 1,4-diamino butane, cadaverine, cystamine, 1,6-diamino hexane, 1,2-diamine benzene, 1,3-diamino benzene, 1,4-diamino benzene, 1,4-diamino butanol, 4,4-diamino-3-hydroxy butanoic acid, 5-amino-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexanemethylamine,2,2′-oxybis ethanamine, alanine, and lysine,
R1 is equal to or different than R2, and
n is a number from 1 to 100;
wherein said polyfunctional amine of formula (I-x) is selected from one of the general structures of formulae (I-x) to (I-x-f):
wherein the substituents J, J1, and J2 are the result of a ring-opening reaction during nucleophilic substitution of a bi- or tri-glycidyl moiety,
J is equal to or different than J1 and J2,
J1 is equal to or different than J2,
R1 is selected from the group consisting of: dimethyl amine, diethyl amine, diethanol amine, dipropyl amine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, 1-methyl piperazine, N,N,N-trimethyl-1,2-ethane diamine, N,N,N, triethyl-1,2-ethane diamine, N-methyl-N,N-diethyl-1,2-ethane diamine, N-ethyl-N,N-dimethyl-1,2-ethane diamine, N-methyl-N,N-diethyl-1,3-propane diamine, N-ethyl-N,N-dimethyl-1,3-propane diamine, methyl amine, ethyl amine, 1-propyl amine, ethanol amine, 2-propyl amine, 1-butyl amine, 2-butyl amine, 2-methyl-2-propyl amine, piperazine, N,N-dimethyl-ethyl diamine, N,N-diethyl-ethyl diamine, N,N-dimethyl propyl diamine, N,N-diethyl-propyl diamine, N,N-dimethyl amino propylene amine, N,N-dimethyl ethylene amine, N,N-diethyl amino propylene amine, N,N-diethylamino ethylene amine, amino ethyl-piperazine, N-methyl-1,2-ethane diamine, N-ethyl-1,2-ethane diamine, N-methyl-1,3-propane diamine, N-ethyl-1,3-propane diamine, 1,2-diamine ethane, 1,3-diamino propane, 1,4-diamino butane, cadaverine, cystamine, 1,6-diamino hexane, 1,2-diamine benzene, 1,3-diamino benzene, 1,4-diamino benzene, 1,4-diamino butanol, 4,4-diamino-3-hydroxy butanoic acid, 5-amino-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexanemethylamine,2,2′-oxybis ethanamine, alanine, and lysine,
R2 and R3 are selected from groups consisting of methyl amine, ethyl amine, 1-propyl amine, ethanol amine, 2-propyl amine, 1-butyl amine, 2-butyl amine, 2-lycmethyl-2-propyl amine, piperazine, N,N-dimethyl-ethyl diamine, N,N-diethyl-ethyl diamine, N,N-dimethyl propyl diamine, N,N-diethyl-propyl diamine, N,N-dimethyl amino propylene amine, N,N-dimethyl ethylene amine, N,N-diethyl amino propylene amine, N,N-diethylamino ethylene amine, amino ethyl-piperazine, N-methyl-1,2-ethane diamine, N-ethyl-1,2-ethane diamine, N-methyl-1,3-propane diamine, N-ethyl-1,3-propane diamine, 1,2-diamine ethane, 1,3-diamino propane, 1,4-diamino butane, cadaverine, cystamine, 1,6-diamino hexane, 1,2-diamine benzene, 1,3-diamino benzene, 1,4-diamino benzene, 1,4-diamino butanol, 4,4-diamino-3-hydroxy butanoic acid, 5-amino-1,3,3-trimethyl cyclohexanemethylamine,2,2′-oxybis ethanamine, alanine, and lysine,
R1 is equal to or different than R2 and R3,
R2 is equal to or different than R3,
n is a number 1 to 100,
and m is an number equal to or different than n;
wherein the polyfunctional amine of formula (I-x) is a crosslinking agent bearing —NH or —NH 2 groups with repeating units, n, that are further treated with ally glycidyl ethers;
wherein the polyfunctional amine of any of formulae (I-x) to (I-x-f) must include a —NH or —NH2 group for further reaction with a glycidyl alkenyl compound that introduces an alkene group thereby forming the intermediate structure of formula (I-x-ene);
and wherein introduction of said glycidyl alkenyl compounds to said structure of formula (I-x) occurs only once per repeating unit, n, creating a repeating unit of n−1 when treated with additional polyfunctional amines.
2. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein the paint further comprises at least one of a dispersant, defoamer, surfactant, biocide, ammonia, rheology agent, pigment, solvent, coalescent, or water.
3. The formulation of claim 1 , wherein the paint is used as traffic paint for a roadway surface.
4. The formulation of claim 3 , wherein the paint is substantially dry within 15 minutes of application to the roadway surface and substantially eliminates-early water wash-off.