High optical transparent two-dimensional electronic conducting system and process for generating same
Hybrid transparent conducting materials are disclosed with combine a polycrystalline film and conductive nanostructures, in which the polycrystalline film is “percolation doped” with the conductive nanostructures. The polycrystalline film preferably is a single atomic layer thickness of polycrystalline graphene, and conductive nanostructures preferably are silver nanowires.
1. A hybrid transparent conducting material (TCM) comprising:
a granular polycrystalline film and
a layer, on the granular polycrystalline film, comprising a plurality of randomly dispersed conductive nanostructures comprising nanowires.
2. The hybrid TCM of claim 1 , wherein the granular polycrystalline film is an atomic monolayer.
3. The hybrid TCM of claim 1 , wherein the granular polycrystalline film is a polycrystalline graphene film.
4. The hybrid TCM of claim 1 , wherein the conductive nanostructures are metallic nanowires.
5. The hybrid TCM of claim 4 , wherein the metallic nanowires are silver nanowires.
6. The hybrid TCM of claim 1 , wherein each of the conductive nanostructures has a length greater than 1 μm and a cross-sectional dimension of less than 1 μm.
7. The hybrid TCM of claim 1 , wherein density of the plurality of conductive nanostructures randomly dispersed in the granular polycrystalline film is below a percolation threshold.
8. The hybrid TCM of claim 1 , wherein density of the plurality of conductive nanostructures randomly dispersed on the polycrystalline film is at most sixty percent of the percolation threshold.
9. The hybrid TCM of claim 1 , wherein average distance between the conductive nanostructures is greater than average length of the conductive nanostructures.
10. The hybrid TCM of claim 1 , wherein the granular polycrystalline film and the nanowire layer separately each have a sheet resistance of 20 ohms per square or greater.
11. The hybrid TCM of claim 10 , wherein the hybrid TCM has a sheet resistance below twenty ohms per square.
12. The hybrid TCM of claim 11 , having a transmittance above ninety percent for solar radiation.
13. A hybrid transparent conducting material (TCM) comprising:
a granular polycrystalline film; and
a layer, on the granular polycrystalline film, comprising a plurality of randomly dispersed conductive nanostructures;
wherein an average length of the conductive nanostructures is greater than an average grain diameter in the granular polycrystalline film.
14. A hybrid transparent conducting material (TCM) comprising:
a granular polycrystalline film; and
a layer, on the granular polycrystalline film, comprising a plurality of randomly dispersed conductive nanostructures;
wherein the number of conductive nanostructures is less than one half the number of grains in the granular polycrystalline film.